Lec 14 - Introduction To Motor Leanring Flashcards

1
Q

Define motor learning

A

A set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively percent gains in the capability for skilled performance

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2
Q

What are the key characteristics of motor learning?

A
  1. Results form practice or experience
  2. Not directly observable
  3. Inferred from performance changes
  4. Involves CNS processes
  5. Produces relatively permettent changes
    Y. Produces a capability for skilled performance
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3
Q

What is the difference between learning and performance?

A

Learning reflects underlying capability, while performance can vary due to factors like anxiety or fatigue.

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4
Q

Name 3 indicators of learning.

A
  1. Consistency: Stable performance over time.
  2. Improvement: Observable gains.
  3. Adaptability: Transfer to different tasks or settings.
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5
Q

What do performance curves measure?

A

They plot performance over practice time, showing improvement trends.

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6
Q

What is a limitation of performance curves?

A

They measure performance, not permanent learning, and can mask individual differences.

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7
Q

What do transfer and retention tests measure?

A

They assess learning after temporary practice effects have dissipated.

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8
Q

What are the types of transfer in learning?

A

Positive transfer: Improves performance on a new task.
Negative transfer: Harms performance on a new task.

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9
Q

What is the difference between specific and generalized transfer?

A

Specific transfer applies to fixed tasks (e.g., free throws).
Generalized transfer applies to varied tasks (e.g., jump shots).

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10
Q

What is near vs. far transfer?

A

Near transfer: Skills similar to training (e.g., jump shot practice).
Far transfer: Skills in new settings (e.g., school running skills applied in track).

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11
Q

What does the law of practice state?

A

Learning is rapid at first and slows down over time.

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12
Q

What is CNS plasticity in motor learning?

A

Semi-permanent changes in brain structure, connections, and function.

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13
Q

How is learning inferred in motor learning?

A

Through changes in performance over multiple trials, ignoring transient factors.

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14
Q

What is the difference between retention and transfer tests?

A

Retention test: Measures a learned skill after a break.
Transfer test: Applies a learned skill to a new task.

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15
Q

What are ceiling and floor effects in performance curves?

A

Ceiling: No room for improvement (best performance).
Floor: No room for decline (lowest error).

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16
Q

How is percentage transfer calculated?

A

% Transfer = (Gain from transfer task / Gain from regular practice) × 100.

17
Q

Name two transient factors that do not indicate learning.

A

Caffeine and fatigue.

18
Q

Why is generalized transfer important?

A

It ensures skills can be applied in varied, real-world settings.

19
Q

How is transfer evaluated?

A

By performance on the target or goal skill, not the practice task.

20
Q

Give an example of CNS plasticity in motor learning.

A

Improved stimulus identification and response selection through practice.

21
Q

What are examples of rapid initial improvement slowing over time?

A

Learning to lift weights or perfecting a golf swing.

22
Q

What are limitations of transfer measures?

A

Arbitrary decisions by experimenters and relative descriptive nature.

23
Q

What are the key takeaways from the lecture on motor learning?

A

Definition: Motor learning involves practice/experience leading to relatively permanent skill improvements.
Not Observable: Learning is inferred from performance changes, not directly seen.
Indicators: Consistency, improvement, and adaptability reflect learning.
Measurement: Use performance curves, retention, and transfer tests to assess learning.
Transfer: Skills transfer positively (boost) or negatively (hinder) based on practice quality and similarity.
Law of Practice: Rapid initial gains, slower improvement over time.
Specific vs. Generalized Transfer: Skills apply to fixed tasks (specific) or varied settings (generalized).
Real-World Application: Effective learning prepares skills for authentic, diverse environments.