Lec 14 - Introduction To Motor Leanring Flashcards
Define motor learning
A set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively percent gains in the capability for skilled performance
What are the key characteristics of motor learning?
- Results form practice or experience
- Not directly observable
- Inferred from performance changes
- Involves CNS processes
- Produces relatively permettent changes
Y. Produces a capability for skilled performance
What is the difference between learning and performance?
Learning reflects underlying capability, while performance can vary due to factors like anxiety or fatigue.
Name 3 indicators of learning.
- Consistency: Stable performance over time.
- Improvement: Observable gains.
- Adaptability: Transfer to different tasks or settings.
What do performance curves measure?
They plot performance over practice time, showing improvement trends.
What is a limitation of performance curves?
They measure performance, not permanent learning, and can mask individual differences.
What do transfer and retention tests measure?
They assess learning after temporary practice effects have dissipated.
What are the types of transfer in learning?
Positive transfer: Improves performance on a new task.
Negative transfer: Harms performance on a new task.
What is the difference between specific and generalized transfer?
Specific transfer applies to fixed tasks (e.g., free throws).
Generalized transfer applies to varied tasks (e.g., jump shots).
What is near vs. far transfer?
Near transfer: Skills similar to training (e.g., jump shot practice).
Far transfer: Skills in new settings (e.g., school running skills applied in track).
What does the law of practice state?
Learning is rapid at first and slows down over time.
What is CNS plasticity in motor learning?
Semi-permanent changes in brain structure, connections, and function.
How is learning inferred in motor learning?
Through changes in performance over multiple trials, ignoring transient factors.
What is the difference between retention and transfer tests?
Retention test: Measures a learned skill after a break.
Transfer test: Applies a learned skill to a new task.
What are ceiling and floor effects in performance curves?
Ceiling: No room for improvement (best performance).
Floor: No room for decline (lowest error).