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NAPLEX > learning lab values > Flashcards

learning lab values Flashcards

1
Q

cbc contains

A

wbcs, rbcs, plts, hemoglobin, hematocrit

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2
Q

cbc w. differential the types of ___ are analyzed

A

neutrophils

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3
Q

rbc avg life span

A

120 days

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4
Q

platelet avg life span

A

7-10 days

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5
Q

bmp measures

A

electrolytes, glucose, acid/base (with hco3 or bicarb) and renal function

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6
Q

increase in wbc

A

leukocytosis

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7
Q

increase in platelets

A

thrombocytosis

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8
Q

decrease in wbc

A

thrombocytopenia

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9
Q

decrease in rbc or decrease hgb

A

anemia

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10
Q

decrease in platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

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11
Q

decrease in wbc, rbc, and platelets

A

myelosupression

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12
Q

decrease in granulocytes (includes decrease in neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils)

A

agranulocytosis

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13
Q

medications that can cause agranulocytosis

A

clozapine, ptu, methimazole, procanimide, carbamazepine, bactrim, isoniazid

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14
Q

always correct calcium if what is low

A

albumin is low

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15
Q

calcium is increased due to

A

calcium supplements, vitamin d, thiazides

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16
Q

thiazides do what to calcium

A

increase it

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17
Q

loops do what to calcium

A

decrease it (loops lose calcium)

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18
Q

calcium is decreased due to

A

systemic steroids, long term heparin, loops, bisphosphonates, cinacalcet, calcitonin, focarnet, topiramate

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19
Q

bisphosphonates, cinacalcet, and calcitonin decrease calcium because they

A

keep calcium in the bone

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20
Q

supplement calcium in

A

pregnancy

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21
Q

magnesium decreased due to

A

ppis

diuretics

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22
Q

phosphate increased in what disease state

A

increased in renal failure

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23
Q

potassium increased due to

A 
aces
arbs 
aldosterone receptor antagonists
aliskiren (tekturna)
canagliflozin (invokana)
cyclosporine
tacrolimus
potassium supplements
bactrim
drospirenone containing OCs
NSAIDs
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24
Q

potassium decrease due to

A

steroids
beta 2 agonists
diuretics
insulin

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25
Q

sodium decreased due to

A

carbamazepine
oxcarbazepine
ssris
diuretics

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26
Q

bicarb increase due to

A

loops

steroids

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27
Q

bicarb decrease due to

A

topiramate
zonisamide
saliclyate overdose

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28
Q

BUN increase in

A

renal impairment and dehydration

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29
Q

scr increase common drugs

A 
aminoglycosides
amphotericin b
cisplatin
colistimethate
cyclosporine
loops
polymyxin
nsaids
radiocontrast dye
tacrolimus
vancomycin
30
Q

increase anion gap suggests

A

metabolic acidosis

31
Q

wbc increase due to

A

systemic steroids

32
Q

wbc decrease due to

A 
clozapine
chemotherapy (that targets bone marrow)
carbamazepine
immunosuppressants (dmards, biologics)
procanimide
vancomycin
33
Q

neutrophils are also called

A 
polymorphonuclear cells
PMNs
polys
segs
segmented neutrophils
34
Q

anc =

A

wbc x (%segs+%bands/100)

35
Q

bands are

A

immature neutrophils released from bone marrow to fight infection called a left shift

36
Q

eosinophils

A

parasitic infection
drug allergy
asthma

37
Q

basophils

A

hypersensitivity

38
Q

lymphocytes

A

viral infections

39
Q

rbc increase due to

A

esas and smoking

40
Q

rbc decrease due to

A

chemotherapy that targets bone marrow

anemias

41
Q

hemoglobin and hematocrit increase due to

decrease due to

A

esas

anemias

42
Q

MCV increase-

decrease

A

increase-b12 or folate deficency

decrease-iron def.

43
Q

decrease mcv

A

iron def. anemia

44
Q

increase mcv

A

b12 or folate def.

45
Q

folic acid ordered for

A

macrocytic anemia

46
Q

folic acid decreased due to

A 
phenytoin/fosphenytoin
phenobarb
primidone
methotrexate
bactrim
47
Q

vitamin b12 decreased due to

A

ppis and metformin

48
Q

coombs test

A

used to determine cause of hemolytic anemia
(autoimmune vs drug induced)

-positive in penicillins, cephalosporins, dapsone, isoniazid, levodopa, methyldopa, methylene blue, macrobid, pegloticase, primaquine, quinidine, rasburicase, rifampin, sulfonamides

49
Q

g6pd (glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase)

A

used to determine if hemolytic anemia is due to g6pd deficiency (the result will be low)

50
Q

tsh increase or decrease due to

A 
amiodarone
interferons (hep b and c tx)
51
Q

tsh increase

A

hypothyroid

52
Q

tsh decrease

A

hyperthyroid

53
Q

hypothyroidism can be due to

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitors
lithium
carbamazepine

54
Q

increase in uric acid due to

A 
diuretics 
niacin
low dose aspirin
pyrazinamide
cyclosporine, tacrolimus
pancreatic enzyme products
chemo agents causing tumor lysis syndrome
55
Q

non specific tests used in auto immune disorders

A

crp (c reactive protein)
rf (rheumatoid factor)
esr (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
ana (antinuclear antibodies)

56
Q

cd4+ t lymphocyte count

hiv RNA concentration (viral load)

A

used to assess HIV and monitor treatment

57
Q

PSA

A

prostate specific antigen

prostate cancer and BPH

58
Q

lactic acid increased due to

A

metformin and NRTIs

59
Q

prolactin increase due to

A

secretion is regulated by dopamine
increase with haloperidol, risperidone, paliperidone

decrease with bromocriptine

60
Q

purified protein derivative or mantoux test (PPD)

A

induration (raised area) is measured for diagnosis

48-72 HOURS AFTER PLACEMENT

61
Q

rapid plama reagin (RPR)

A

antibody test used to test for syphilis

if RPR is positive a confirmatory test if performed

62
Q

thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)

A

those with genetic def. of TPMT are at increase risk for myleosuppression and may require lower doses of azathioprine and mercaptopurine

63
Q

carbamazepine therapeutic range

A

4-12

64
Q

digoxin range

A

0.5-2

65
Q

gentamicin and tobramycin

A

peak 5-10

trough less than 2

66
Q

lithium

A

0.6-1.2 (up to 1.5 for acute symptoms)

67
Q

phenytoin/fosphenytoin

A

10-20
free phenyton 1-2.5

(if albumin is low correct serum level)

68
Q

theophylline

A

5-15

69
Q

valproic acid

A

50-100 (up to 150 in some patients)

if albumin is low correct serum level

70
Q

vancomycin

A

troughs

15-20 serious infections (pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bacteremia)
10-15 for others

71
Q

warfarin

A

goal inr is 2-3

if mechanical mitral valve use 2.5-3.5

NAPLEX (24 decks)

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