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learning lab values Flashcards

1
Q

cbc contains

A

wbcs, rbcs, plts, hemoglobin, hematocrit

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2
Q

cbc w. differential the types of ___ are analyzed

A

neutrophils

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3
Q

rbc avg life span

A

120 days

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4
Q

platelet avg life span

A

7-10 days

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5
Q

bmp measures

A

electrolytes, glucose, acid/base (with hco3 or bicarb) and renal function

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6
Q

increase in wbc

A

leukocytosis

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7
Q

increase in platelets

A

thrombocytosis

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8
Q

decrease in wbc

A

thrombocytopenia

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9
Q

decrease in rbc or decrease hgb

A

anemia

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10
Q

decrease in platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

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11
Q

decrease in wbc, rbc, and platelets

A

myelosupression

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12
Q

decrease in granulocytes (includes decrease in neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils)

A

agranulocytosis

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13
Q

medications that can cause agranulocytosis

A

clozapine, ptu, methimazole, procanimide, carbamazepine, bactrim, isoniazid

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14
Q

always correct calcium if what is low

A

albumin is low

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15
Q

calcium is increased due to

A

calcium supplements, vitamin d, thiazides

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16
Q

thiazides do what to calcium

A

increase it

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17
Q

loops do what to calcium

A

decrease it (loops lose calcium)

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18
Q

calcium is decreased due to

A

systemic steroids, long term heparin, loops, bisphosphonates, cinacalcet, calcitonin, focarnet, topiramate

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19
Q

bisphosphonates, cinacalcet, and calcitonin decrease calcium because they

A

keep calcium in the bone

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20
Q

supplement calcium in

A

pregnancy

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21
Q

magnesium decreased due to

A

ppis

diuretics

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22
Q

phosphate increased in what disease state

A

increased in renal failure

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23
Q

potassium increased due to

A 
aces
arbs 
aldosterone receptor antagonists
aliskiren (tekturna)
canagliflozin (invokana)
cyclosporine
tacrolimus
potassium supplements
bactrim
drospirenone containing OCs
NSAIDs
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24
Q

potassium decrease due to

A

steroids
beta 2 agonists
diuretics
insulin

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25
sodium decreased due to
carbamazepine oxcarbazepine ssris diuretics
26
bicarb increase due to
loops | steroids
27
bicarb decrease due to
topiramate zonisamide saliclyate overdose
28
BUN increase in
renal impairment and dehydration
29
scr increase common drugs
``` aminoglycosides amphotericin b cisplatin colistimethate cyclosporine loops polymyxin nsaids radiocontrast dye tacrolimus vancomycin ```
30
increase anion gap suggests
metabolic acidosis
31
wbc increase due to
systemic steroids
32
wbc decrease due to
``` clozapine chemotherapy (that targets bone marrow) carbamazepine immunosuppressants (dmards, biologics) procanimide vancomycin ```
33
neutrophils are also called
``` polymorphonuclear cells PMNs polys segs segmented neutrophils ```
34
anc =
wbc x (%segs+%bands/100)
35
bands are
immature neutrophils released from bone marrow to fight infection called a left shift
36
eosinophils
parasitic infection drug allergy asthma
37
basophils
hypersensitivity
38
lymphocytes
viral infections
39
rbc increase due to
esas and smoking
40
rbc decrease due to
chemotherapy that targets bone marrow | anemias
41
hemoglobin and hematocrit increase due to | decrease due to
esas anemias
42
MCV increase- | decrease
increase-b12 or folate deficency | decrease-iron def.
43
decrease mcv
iron def. anemia
44
increase mcv
b12 or folate def.
45
folic acid ordered for
macrocytic anemia
46
folic acid decreased due to
``` phenytoin/fosphenytoin phenobarb primidone methotrexate bactrim ```
47
vitamin b12 decreased due to
ppis and metformin
48
coombs test
used to determine cause of hemolytic anemia (autoimmune vs drug induced) -positive in penicillins, cephalosporins, dapsone, isoniazid, levodopa, methyldopa, methylene blue, macrobid, pegloticase, primaquine, quinidine, rasburicase, rifampin, sulfonamides
49
g6pd (glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase)
used to determine if hemolytic anemia is due to g6pd deficiency (the result will be low)
50
tsh increase or decrease due to
``` amiodarone interferons (hep b and c tx) ```
51
tsh increase
hypothyroid
52
tsh decrease
hyperthyroid
53
hypothyroidism can be due to
tyrosine kinase inhibitors lithium carbamazepine
54
increase in uric acid due to
``` diuretics niacin low dose aspirin pyrazinamide cyclosporine, tacrolimus pancreatic enzyme products chemo agents causing tumor lysis syndrome ```
55
non specific tests used in auto immune disorders
crp (c reactive protein) rf (rheumatoid factor) esr (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) ana (antinuclear antibodies)
56
cd4+ t lymphocyte count | hiv RNA concentration (viral load)
used to assess HIV and monitor treatment
57
PSA
prostate specific antigen | prostate cancer and BPH
58
lactic acid increased due to
metformin and NRTIs
59
prolactin increase due to
secretion is regulated by dopamine increase with haloperidol, risperidone, paliperidone decrease with bromocriptine
60
purified protein derivative or mantoux test (PPD)
induration (raised area) is measured for diagnosis | 48-72 HOURS AFTER PLACEMENT
61
rapid plama reagin (RPR)
antibody test used to test for syphilis | if RPR is positive a confirmatory test if performed
62
thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)
those with genetic def. of TPMT are at increase risk for myleosuppression and may require lower doses of azathioprine and mercaptopurine
63
carbamazepine therapeutic range
4-12
64
digoxin range
0.5-2
65
gentamicin and tobramycin
peak 5-10 | trough less than 2
66
lithium
0.6-1.2 (up to 1.5 for acute symptoms)
67
phenytoin/fosphenytoin
10-20 free phenyton 1-2.5 (if albumin is low correct serum level)
68
theophylline
5-15
69
valproic acid
50-100 (up to 150 in some patients) if albumin is low correct serum level
70
vancomycin
troughs 15-20 serious infections (pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bacteremia) 10-15 for others
71
warfarin
goal inr is 2-3 | if mechanical mitral valve use 2.5-3.5

NAPLEX (24 decks)

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