learning lab values Flashcards
cbc contains
wbcs, rbcs, plts, hemoglobin, hematocrit
cbc w. differential the types of ___ are analyzed
neutrophils
rbc avg life span
120 days
platelet avg life span
7-10 days
bmp measures
electrolytes, glucose, acid/base (with hco3 or bicarb) and renal function
increase in wbc
leukocytosis
increase in platelets
thrombocytosis
decrease in wbc
thrombocytopenia
decrease in rbc or decrease hgb
anemia
decrease in platelets
thrombocytopenia
decrease in wbc, rbc, and platelets
myelosupression
decrease in granulocytes (includes decrease in neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils)
agranulocytosis
medications that can cause agranulocytosis
clozapine, ptu, methimazole, procanimide, carbamazepine, bactrim, isoniazid
always correct calcium if what is low
albumin is low
calcium is increased due to
calcium supplements, vitamin d, thiazides
thiazides do what to calcium
increase it
loops do what to calcium
decrease it (loops lose calcium)
calcium is decreased due to
systemic steroids, long term heparin, loops, bisphosphonates, cinacalcet, calcitonin, focarnet, topiramate
bisphosphonates, cinacalcet, and calcitonin decrease calcium because they
keep calcium in the bone
supplement calcium in
pregnancy
magnesium decreased due to
ppis
diuretics
phosphate increased in what disease state
increased in renal failure
potassium increased due to
aces arbs aldosterone receptor antagonists aliskiren (tekturna) canagliflozin (invokana) cyclosporine tacrolimus potassium supplements bactrim drospirenone containing OCs NSAIDs
potassium decrease due to
steroids
beta 2 agonists
diuretics
insulin
sodium decreased due to
carbamazepine
oxcarbazepine
ssris
diuretics
bicarb increase due to
loops
steroids
bicarb decrease due to
topiramate
zonisamide
saliclyate overdose
BUN increase in
renal impairment and dehydration
scr increase common drugs
aminoglycosides amphotericin b cisplatin colistimethate cyclosporine loops polymyxin nsaids radiocontrast dye tacrolimus vancomycin
increase anion gap suggests
metabolic acidosis
wbc increase due to
systemic steroids
wbc decrease due to
clozapine chemotherapy (that targets bone marrow) carbamazepine immunosuppressants (dmards, biologics) procanimide vancomycin
neutrophils are also called
polymorphonuclear cells PMNs polys segs segmented neutrophils
anc =
wbc x (%segs+%bands/100)
bands are
immature neutrophils released from bone marrow to fight infection called a left shift
eosinophils
parasitic infection
drug allergy
asthma
basophils
hypersensitivity
lymphocytes
viral infections
rbc increase due to
esas and smoking
rbc decrease due to
chemotherapy that targets bone marrow
anemias
hemoglobin and hematocrit increase due to
decrease due to
esas
anemias
MCV increase-
decrease
increase-b12 or folate deficency
decrease-iron def.
decrease mcv
iron def. anemia
increase mcv
b12 or folate def.
folic acid ordered for
macrocytic anemia
folic acid decreased due to
phenytoin/fosphenytoin phenobarb primidone methotrexate bactrim
vitamin b12 decreased due to
ppis and metformin
coombs test
used to determine cause of hemolytic anemia
(autoimmune vs drug induced)
-positive in penicillins, cephalosporins, dapsone, isoniazid, levodopa, methyldopa, methylene blue, macrobid, pegloticase, primaquine, quinidine, rasburicase, rifampin, sulfonamides
g6pd (glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase)
used to determine if hemolytic anemia is due to g6pd deficiency (the result will be low)
tsh increase or decrease due to
amiodarone interferons (hep b and c tx)
tsh increase
hypothyroid
tsh decrease
hyperthyroid
hypothyroidism can be due to
tyrosine kinase inhibitors
lithium
carbamazepine
increase in uric acid due to
diuretics niacin low dose aspirin pyrazinamide cyclosporine, tacrolimus pancreatic enzyme products chemo agents causing tumor lysis syndrome
non specific tests used in auto immune disorders
crp (c reactive protein)
rf (rheumatoid factor)
esr (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
ana (antinuclear antibodies)
cd4+ t lymphocyte count
hiv RNA concentration (viral load)
used to assess HIV and monitor treatment
PSA
prostate specific antigen
prostate cancer and BPH
lactic acid increased due to
metformin and NRTIs
prolactin increase due to
secretion is regulated by dopamine
increase with haloperidol, risperidone, paliperidone
decrease with bromocriptine
purified protein derivative or mantoux test (PPD)
induration (raised area) is measured for diagnosis
48-72 HOURS AFTER PLACEMENT
rapid plama reagin (RPR)
antibody test used to test for syphilis
if RPR is positive a confirmatory test if performed
thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)
those with genetic def. of TPMT are at increase risk for myleosuppression and may require lower doses of azathioprine and mercaptopurine
carbamazepine therapeutic range
4-12
digoxin range
0.5-2
gentamicin and tobramycin
peak 5-10
trough less than 2
lithium
0.6-1.2 (up to 1.5 for acute symptoms)
phenytoin/fosphenytoin
10-20
free phenyton 1-2.5
(if albumin is low correct serum level)
theophylline
5-15
valproic acid
50-100 (up to 150 in some patients)
if albumin is low correct serum level
vancomycin
troughs
15-20 serious infections (pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bacteremia)
10-15 for others
warfarin
goal inr is 2-3
if mechanical mitral valve use 2.5-3.5
