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Psychiatry 🤓 > Learning Disability > Flashcards

Learning Disability Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Learning Disability?

A

Disorders of intellectual development originating during the developmental period characterized by significantly below average intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are approximately two or more standard deviations below the mean.

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2
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for Learning Disability?

A

Intellectual impairment (IQ < 70), social or adaptive dysfunction, onset in the developmental period (before age 18).

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3
Q

What is the IQ range for Mild Learning Disability?

A

IQ: 50-69.

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4
Q

What cognitive age corresponds to Mild Learning Disability?

A

Cognitive age: 9 to under 12 years.

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5
Q

What are some features of Mild Learning Disability?

A
  • Often don’t appear to be disabled
  • People tend to overestimate them
  • Need more time to think
  • Need concrete information
  • Need repetition to learn
  • Struggle to solve problems
  • Struggle to remember.
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6
Q

What is the IQ range for Moderate Learning Disability?

A

IQ: 35-49.

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7
Q

What cognitive age corresponds to Moderate Learning Disability?

A

Cognitive age: 6 to under 9 years.

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8
Q

What are some features of Moderate Learning Disability?

A
  • May not appear disabled
  • Surface understanding
  • Rigid thinking
  • May read but struggle to understand content
  • Need routine and structure
  • Struggle to understand conversations
  • Struggle with the use of language
  • Struggle to generalise skills and rules.
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9
Q

What is the IQ range for Severe Learning Disability?

A

IQ: 20-34.

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10
Q

What cognitive age corresponds to Severe Learning Disability?

A

Cognitive age: 3 to under 6 years.

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11
Q

What are some features of Severe Learning Disability?

A
  • Need help with most everyday tasks
  • Very basic understanding of language
  • Use the environment to understand situations
  • Can learn simple repetitive practical tasks
  • Always need support available.
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12
Q

What is the IQ range for Profound Learning Disability?

A

IQ: <20.

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13
Q

What cognitive age corresponds to Profound Learning Disability?

A

Cognitive age: below 3 years.

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14
Q

What are some features of Profound Learning Disability?

A
  • Complex care needs
  • Additional health needs
  • Often have multiple disabilities
  • Little or no ability to care for own basic needs
  • Require constant help and supervision
  • Unlikely to understand any language
  • Can communicate through noises and facial expressions.
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15
Q

What are some genetic causes of Learning Disabilities?

A
  • Fragile X
  • PKU
  • Rett Syndrome
  • DiGeorge Syndrome
  • Prader-Willi Syndrome
  • Angelman syndrome
  • Down Syndrome
  • Sex chromosome abnormalities.
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16
Q

What are some acquired causes of Learning Disabilities?

A
  • Infective: Rubella, Zika virus
  • Traumatic: Hypoxic injury during birth, head injury in childhood
  • Toxic: Foetal Alcohol Syndrome/Spectrum Disorders, maternal Valproate usage.
17
Q

What conditions are associated with Learning Disability?

A
  • Cerebral Palsy
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Epilepsy.
18
Q

What investigations are used for Learning Disability?

A
  • Intellectual Impairment: WAIS/WISC: IQ <70
  • Social or Adaptive Dysfunction: Vineland Scale or ABAS: shows ≥ 2 impairments in social skills.
19
Q

What is Diagnostic Overshadowing?

A

Presenting symptoms attributed to learning disability rather than seeking another potentially treatable cause.

20
Q

What factors should be considered when assessing for Diagnostic Overshadowing?

A
  • Social causes: change in carers, lack of support
  • Psychological issues: bereavement, abuse
  • Physical problems: pain or discomfort
  • Psychiatric causes: depression, anxiety, psychosis, dementia.
21
Q

What behaviors indicate Stress and Distress in Learning Disability assessment?

A
  • Harm to self or others
  • Property destruction
  • Sexually inappropriate behavior.
22
Q

What physical co-morbidities are common in Learning Disabilities?

A
  • Epilepsy
  • Sensory impairments (40% hearing, 20% vision)
  • Obesity
  • Gastrointestinal issues
  • Respiratory problems
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Orthopaedic problems
  • Dermatological and dental problems.
23
Q

What mental health co-morbidities are associated with Learning Disabilities?

A
  • Schizophrenia/Psychosis
  • Mood Disorders
  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Developmental Disorders (e.g. Autism, ADHD)
  • Dementia.

Psychiatry 🤓 (28 decks)

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