Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 1

What is the triad of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Answer 1

Impairment in reciprocal social interactions, difficulties with social communication, restricted, repetitive, and inflexible patterns of interest or behaviour

Examples include challenging friendships, unclear verbal word formation, and restricted eating or obsessions.

Question 2

What are examples of impairment in reciprocal social interactions in ASD?

Answer 2

Challenging friendships

This refers to difficulties in forming and maintaining social relationships.

Question 3

What difficulties are associated with social communication in ASD?

Answer 3

Unclear verbal word formation and sentence construction

This may affect the ability to convey thoughts and emotions effectively.

Question 4

What are some examples of restricted, repetitive, and inflexible patterns of interest or behaviour in ASD?

Answer 4

Restricted eating, exercise, obsessions, no hobbies

These behaviors can significantly limit daily functioning and interests.

Question 5

What are some complications associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Answer 5

• Sleep disorders
• ADHD
• Anxiety
• Depression
• OCD
• Tics

These complications can further affect the quality of life for individuals with ASD.

Question 6

What are initial investigations for diagnosing ASD?

Answer 6

• Developmental history
• Structured interview (e.g. ADI-R or 3DI)

The ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised) is a specific tool used in this process.

Question 7

What is the purpose of the ADOS in the assessment of ASD?

Answer 7

To provide further assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

ADOS stands for Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule.

Question 8

What type of therapies are used for the management of tics in ASD?

Answer 8

• Habit reversal therapy
• Exposure response prevention therapy

These therapies aim to reduce tic frequency and severity.

Question 9

What medical treatment is commonly used for sleep disorders in ASD?

Answer 9

Melatonin

Melatonin is often prescribed to help regulate sleep patterns.

Question 10

What medical treatments are available for irritability and aggression in ASD?

Answer 10

• Antipsychotic (e.g. aripiprazole)
• Antipsychotic (e.g. risperidone)

These medications can help manage behavioral symptoms associated with ASD.