Layer C, Task 9

Question 1

Cancer

Answer 1

Group of diseases in which cells grow and divide out of control

Question 2

Cancer results from a…

Answer 2

Change in DNA that prevents the cells from staying in interphase for the normal amount of time

These cells may form a tumor

Question 3

Mutations

Answer 3

Random change in the DNA that results in cell dying or continuing to grow and divide

Question 4

Tumor

Answer 4

Mass of cells that continue to grow and divide without any function

Question 5

Benign tumor

Answer 5

Not cancerous, does not affect surrounding tissues other than physical crowding

Question 6

Malignant tumor

Answer 6

Cancerous, destroys or interferes with the function of neighboring cells and tissues

Question 7

Metastasis

Answer 7

Cancer cells breaking away from the original (primary) tumor and establishing another (secondary) tumor elsewhere

Question 8

Carcinogens

Answer 8

Environmental factors that cause mutations (cancer)

Question 9

Name 3 carcinogens

Answer 9

• Tobacco smoke (causes 9/10 cases of lung cancer)
• Radiation (e.g. X-rays, UV rays, sunlight, etc)
• Some viruses (HPV, hepatitis B, etc.)
• Some chemicals in plastics
• Some organic solvents

Question 10

Hereditary

Answer 10

DNA passed from one generation to the next may contain information that leads to disease

(Some cancers at least partly hereditary)

Question 11

Cancer screening

Answer 11

• Checking for cancer even if there are no symptoms
• Can be done at home or with an appointment
• Increase the chance of detecting cancer early enough to successfully treat it

Question 12

Name 1 example of cancer screening for women

Answer 12

• Pap test (test for cervical cancer by taking a sample of cervical cells to determine if they are growing abnormally)
• Breast self-examinations to check for lumps (breast cancer)

Question 13

Name 1 example of cancer screening for men

Answer 13

• PSA test (blood test for prostate cancer)
• Men can detect testicular cancer early through testicular self-examination

Question 14

ABCD of moles

Answer 14

Checks for malignant moles, stands for Asymmetry Border Colour Diameter

Question 15

2 reasons why a healthy diet helps prevent cancer

Answer 15

1) “Super foods” have substances that help the body protect itself from cancer (e.g. tomatoes, carrots, garlic, avocado)
2) Risk of some cancers increase with body fat, losing weight could lower risk of cancer

Question 16

3 primary treatments for cancer

Answer 16

1. Surgery (directly remove tumor)
2. Radiation (x-rays to kill individual cells)
3. Chemotherapy (chemicals to kill individual cells)
4. Biophotonics

Question 17

Issues with cancer therapy

Answer 17

Can harm healthy cells

Question 18

Why might cancer treatment fail to remove all of the tumor?

Answer 18

Different cells with different genetic problems within a tumor

Question 19

Integrative oncology

Answer 19

Integrating conventional oncology treatments with therapies like acupuncture, chiropractic