Layer C, Task 5 Flashcards
Circulatory + Respiratory System
Circulatory system
Organ system made up of the heart, blood & blood vessels
Purpose of circulatory system
- Transports OXYGEN + NUTRIENTS throughout body
- Carries away WASTE
- Regulates BODY TEMP & transports DISEASE-FIGHTING white blood cells
3 different types of tissue in the heart
- Cardiac muscle tissue
- Nerve tissue
- Connective tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue
Makes the heart contract and moves blood throughout the body
4 components of blood
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
- Plasma
Red blood cells
Contain hemoglobin (a protein), which allows them to transport oxygen throughout the body
White blood cells
Fight infection
Platelets
Tiny cells that help in blood clotting
Plasma
Protein-rich liquid that carries the blood cells along
3 types of blood vessels
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
Arteries vs. veins
Arteries carry blood away from heart
Veins carry blood toward heart
Gas exchange in the circulatory system
Capillaries enable exchange of gases between blood + body tissues
Coronary artery disease
Coronary arteries (provide blood to the heart muscle tissue) can become partially blocked w/ plaque
Why is the heart divided into the right & left side?
Protects oxygen-rich blood from mixing w/ oxygen-poor blood
What does the right side do?
Pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, which refresh the blood w/ a new supply of oxygen
What does the left side do?
The oxygenated blood is pumped through the aorta to the body to supply tissues w/ oxygen
4 valves within your heart that keep your blood moving the right way
- Tricuspid
- Mitral
- Pulmonary
- Aortic
Systole + diastole
Systole: ventricles contract, forcing blood into the vessels
Diastole: ventricles relax and fill w/ blood from upper chambers (L + R atria)
How is the heart nourished by blood?
Coronary arteries extend over surface of heart + branch into smaller capillaries
Respiratory system
Organ system made up of lungs, nose, mouth, trachea + bronchi
Gas exchange in the respiratory system
Oxygen ENTERS bloodstream in lungs by diffusion
Carbon dioxide LEAVES bloodstream in lungs by diffusion
How does gas exchange in the respiratory system work?
More oxygen in alveoli than blood in the lungs –> oxygen always diffuses into the blood
Breathing
- Diaphragm + external intercoastal muscles contract, causing chess cavity to expand
- Makes pressure inside lungs lower than outside air
- Gases move from areas of high pressure to low pressure = lungs fill w/ air
Respiratory system in fish
Gills have capillaries that bring blood close to water, oxygen can diffuse from water to blood
