Layer C, Task 1

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

1. All living things made up of 1 or more cells
2. Cell is the simplest unit of life
3. All cells come from other cells (not non-living matter)

Question 2

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

Answer 2

Prokaryote: cell w/o a nucleus or organelles
Eukaryote: cell w/ a nucleus + organelles

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Contains all the organelles

Question 4

Cell membrane

Answer 4

Surrounds + supports the cell, semi-permeable

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Contains DNA + the nucleolus (makes ribosomes)

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

Control protein synthesis

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

Make (stored as a form of glucose) energy available to the cell
Contain enzymes that convert the stored energy into a usable form

Question 8

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

• Makes proteins + lipids, sends protein to Golgi body
• Controls calcium levels in muscles
• Detoxifies poison/alcohol/drugs

Question 9

Golgi body

Answer 9

Modifies + packages materials for “export” from cell

Question 10

Vacuole

Answer 10

Contains + removes substances, maintains internal fluid pressure (keeps the plant’s stem + leaves firm)

Question 11

Organelles in plant cells only

Answer 11

Cell wall
Large central vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 12

Cell wall

Answer 12

• Surrounds cell membrane, rigid but porous cellulose
• Provides support + protection from physical injury

Question 13

Central vacuole

Answer 13

• Plant cells usually have 1 large vacuole, takes up most space

Question 14

Chloroplasts

Answer 14

Contain chlorophyll that trap sunlight for energy