Larynx

Question 1

these two structures of the neck are found at the same region the thyroid cartilage is found

Answer 1

pharynx and larynx

Question 2

in the posterior part of larynx, what is in between corniculate cartilage around C4 and the cricoid cartilage around C6

Answer 2

arytenoid cartilage

Question 3

what cartilage is connected to the vocal cord in anterior part of larynx and also connected to the corniculate cartilage in posterior part of larynx

Answer 3

arytenoid cartilage

Question 4

2 parts of the arytenoid cartilage

Answer 4

vocal process
muscular process

Question 5

what connects the vestibule of the epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage (2 folds)

Answer 5

vestibular fold
true vocal fold

Question 6

what is in between the two folds of interior larynx

Answer 6

ventricle

Question 7

spot between vestibular and vocal folds

Answer 7

rima

Question 8

the mucous membrane of the vestibule (supraglottic) region

Answer 8

Quandragular membrane

Question 9

mucous membrane of the infraglottic region

Answer 9

Conus elasticus

Question 10

innervation to the supraglottic region

Answer 10

internal laryngeal n. (branch of CN X)

Question 11

sensory to the infraglottic region

Answer 11

inferior laryngeal n. (branch of CN X)

Question 12

motor innervation of the intrinsic muscles of larynx

Answer 12

CN X

Question 13

only intrinsic muscle NOT innervated by inferior laryngeal n.

Answer 13

Cricothyroid

Question 14

innervation to cricothyroid

Answer 14

external laryngeal n.

Question 15

this muscle tenses the vocal ligament

Answer 15

Cricothyroid

Question 16

this muscle is innervated by the inferior laryngeal n. and abducts the focal ligaments (gets air in to breathe)

Answer 16

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Question 17

this muscle is innervated by the inferior laryngeal n. and adducts the vocal ligaments

Answer 17

Lateral Cricoarytenoid

Question 18

this muscle is innervated by the inferior laryngeal n. and adducts the vocal ligament

also closes glottis posteriorly

Answer 18

Transverse Arytenoid

Question 19

this muscle is innervated by inferior laryngeal n. and adducts vocal ligaments

closes glottis posteriorly along with transverse arytenoid

Answer 19

Oblique Arytenoid

Question 20

this muscle is innervated by the inferior laryngeal n. and relaxes the vocal ligaments

Answer 20

Thyroartenoid

Question 21

most medial fibers and responsible for changing pitch

Answer 21

Vocalis m.

Question 22

muscle that is innervated by the inferior laryngeal n. and adducts the vestibule posteriorly

Answer 22

Aryepiglottic

Question 23

cranial nerve that provides both afferent and efferent innervation to the cough reflex

Answer 23

CN X

Question 24

these 3 nerves provide somatic efferent innervation to the cough reflex

Answer 24

phrenic
intercostal nerves
thoracoabdominal nerves

Question 25

lymph flow of larynx

Answer 25

to the deep cervical nodes: jugulodigastric juguloomohyoid

Question 26

2 motor ganglia of the vagus n.

Answer 26

nucleus ambiguus dorsal motor nucleus

Question 27

this motor ganglia innervates skeletal muscle of pharynx, larynx, and soft palate

Answer 27

nucleus ambiguus

Question 28

this motor ganglia sends parasympathetics to digestive system

Answer 28

dorsal motor nucleus

Question 29

brainstem skull base carotid thyroid aorta

Answer 29

sites of injury for vagus n. or its branches

Question 30

vagal nerve branches that could be injured during ligation of arteries to the thyroid gland

Answer 30

internal laryngeal n. inferior laryngeal n. recurrent laryngeal n. external laryngeal n.

Question 31

2 main things that can happen during vocal fold paralysis

Answer 31

vocal cord doesn't close completely (both for bilateral paralysis and 1 side for unilateral paralysis)

Question 32

labored breathing

Answer 32

dyspnea

Question 33

high pitched wheezing due to obstruction of airway

Answer 33

stridor

Question 34

upper airway infection causes barking cough- can lead to stridor

Answer 34

croup

Question 35

inflammation of epiglottis

Answer 35

epiglottitis

Question 36

looks like thumbprint in X-Ray; swollen epiglottis

Answer 36

sign of epiglottitis

Question 37

when plane of face is parallel to spine (what is this a sign of)

Answer 37

epiglottitis

Question 38

most common congenital anomaly of larynx

Answer 38

Laryngomalacia

Question 39

this is due to inspiration obstruction and leads to stridor

Answer 39

laryngomalacia

Question 40

2 symptoms of laryngomalacia

Answer 40

cyanosis apnea

Question 41

turning blue

Answer 41

cyanosis

Question 42

larynx remains blocked by cartilage or other tissue infant has to get immediate tracheostomy at birth to survive

Answer 42

laryngeal atresia (CHAOS)

Question 43

CHAOS stands for

Answer 43

Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome