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PHU: Biweekly Test 2 > Development: Pharyngeal Apparatus and Larynx > Flashcards

Development: Pharyngeal Apparatus and Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

pharyngeal apparatus is also known as

A

branchial apparatus

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2
Q

most congenital anomalies result from what

A

failed apoptosis

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3
Q

this is where the arterial trunk from the heart comes from

A

truncus arteriosus

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4
Q

develop of the head and neck begin around what week of gestation

A

4th week

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5
Q

what germ layers make up pharyngeal arch

A

core of mesenchyme
covered externally by ectoderm
covered internally by endoderm

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6
Q

where is most of the mesenchyme derived from during the 4th week

A

neural crest cells

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7
Q

where do skeletal muscle and vascular endothelia come from

A

mesoderm of pharyngeal arch

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8
Q

what does each arch contain (4 things)

A

aortic arch
cartilaginous rod
muscle
cranial nerve

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9
Q

1st pharyngeal arch is also known as

A

T Arch

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10
Q

what 2 prominences does the mandibular arch give rise to

A

mandibular
maxillary

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11
Q

1st pharyngeal arch cartilage called

A

Meckel’s cartilage

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12
Q

dorsal end of 1st arch cartilage ossifies to form

A

malleus and incus

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13
Q

ventral part of 1st arch cartilage forms

A

primordium of mandible

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14
Q

1st pharyngeal arch muscles

A

ALL the T’s:
masTication muscles
(Temporalis, masseTer, pTerygoids)

Tensor Tympani
Tensor Veli Palatini

Mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric

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15
Q

1st pharyngeal arch cranial nerve

A

CN V (Trigeminal)

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16
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch is also known as

A

S Arch
Hyoid Arch

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17
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch cartilage

A

Reichert’s cartilage

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18
Q

dorsal end of 2nd arch forms what

A

stapes and styloid process

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19
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch muscles

A

muscles of facial expreSSion

Stapedius

Stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric

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20
Q

2nd pharyngeal arch cranial nerve

A

CN VII

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21
Q

3rd pharyngeal arch cartilage ventral part forms

A

superior cornu of thyroid cartilage
greater cornu of hyoid

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22
Q

3rd pharyngeal arch muscles

A

stylopharyngeus

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23
Q

3rd pharyngeal arch nerve

A

CN IX

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24
Q

4th and 6th pharyngeal arch cartilages fuse to form

A

laryngeal cartilages (NOT epiglottis)

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25
Q

4th pharyngeal arch muscles

A

cricothyroid
all muscles of soft palate (except tensor veli palatini (1st arch))
all muscles of pharynx (except stylopharngeus (3rd arch))

26
Q

6th pharyngeal arch muscles

A

intrinsic muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid (4th arch))

27
Q

nerve to 4th and 6th arches

A

CN X

28
Q

2 branches of vagus nerve that supplies 4th arch

A

superior laryngeal n and pharyngeal branches (top)

29
Q

branch of vagus nerve that supplies 6th arch

A

recurrent laryngeal n

30
Q

1st pharyngeal pouch

A

tubotympanic recess (in the ear)

31
Q

2nd pharyngeal pouch

A

ultimately forms into palatine tonsils

32
Q

3rd pharyngeal pouch (dorsal and ventral parts)

A

dorsal- parathyroid glands
ventral- thymus

33
Q

4th pharyngeal pouch (dorsal and ventral)

A

dorsal- superior [parathyroid glands]
ventral- postbranchial body (ultimobranchial body)

34
Q

what pouch gives rise to C-cells that produce calcitonin

A

4th

35
Q

anomalies are due to what

A

abnormal migration
failed apoptosis

36
Q

1st pharyngeal groove/cleft becomes

A

external acoustic meatus

37
Q

1st pharyngeal membrane becomes

A

tympanic membrane

38
Q

1st endocrine gland to develop

A

thyroid gland

39
Q

thyroid gland is initially connected to what

A

foramen cecum by thryoglossal duct

40
Q

what week is the thryoid gland functioning

A

11th

41
Q

most common metabolic disorder in neonates and particularly in 3rd world countries

A

congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism)

42
Q

which cyst is midline

A

thryoglossal duct cyst

43
Q

which cyst is lateral

A

branchial cyst

44
Q

what do you check for when sticking tongue out

A

thyroglossal duct cyst (see if it moves up or down)

45
Q

cyst that is anterior to sternocleidomastoid

A

branchial cyst

46
Q

cyst that is anterior to thyroid cartilage

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

47
Q

special sensory to anterior 2/3rds of tongue

A

CN VII

48
Q

general sensory to anterior 2/3rds of tongue

A

lingual n. (CN V3)

49
Q

sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

CN IX

50
Q

hypopharyngeal eminence develops into

A

epiglottis

51
Q

what migrates to tongue and brings what nerve with it

A

myotomes; CN XII

52
Q

remnants of thyroglossal duct

A

lingual cyst

53
Q

macroglossia

A

large tongue

54
Q

microglossia

A

small tongue

55
Q

ankyloglossia

A

short lingual frenulum (tongue-tie)

56
Q

this syndrome happens because individual doesn’t get enough neural crest cell migration in 1st arch

A

Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS)

57
Q

underdeveloped zygomatic bones
downslanting palpebral fissure
defects in lower eye lids
deformed external ears
(looks like the whole face is slanted down)

A

Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS)

58
Q

this syndrome has insufficient mandible development and doesn’t pull tongue forward

leads to respiratory issues

A

Pierre Robin Syndrome

59
Q

caused by microdeletion of q11.2 of chromosome 22 and 3rd and 4th pouch don’t develop

square face

A

chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

60
Q

chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is also known as

A

DiGeorge syndrome

PHU: Biweekly Test 2 (12 decks)

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