Large animal wound management

Question 1

Why should you not use a water hose with a spray nozzle when lavaging a wound

Answer 1

because water pressure could drive dirt and bacterial into the tissue

Question 2

If the wound is to be closed, _ or _ _ may be needed

Answer 2

tranquilization; general anesthesia

Question 3

If tranquilization is used, _ or _ anesthesia is also necessary for debridement and closure

Answer 3

local; regional

Question 4

proper technique for infiltration of a wound edge with a local anesthetic

Answer 4

mepivacaine or lidocaine applied 1cm from wound edge. The needle should enter through the skin at the point of the last injection

Question 5

A _ block using a local anesthetic is infiltrated SQ around the limb of a horse to triage a distal limb wound

Answer 5

ring

Question 6

To anesthetize the portion of the limb distal to the block

Answer 6

palmar digital nerve blocks of the right forelimb

Question 7

The toxic dose of local anesthetics is approximately ___, if this dose is reached complications such as heart block, convulsions, and bradycardia can result

Answer 7

13mg/kg

Question 8

Open wounds on distal aspect of the limb of a horse are notorious for developing _

Answer 8

Exuberant Granulation Tissue (EGT)

Question 9

Exuberant Granulation Tissue (EGT) is also known as

Answer 9

Proud flesh

Question 10

Controlling granulation

Answer 10

-Immobilization of limb
-Wound bandaging
-Caustic agents (equal parts copper sulfate & boric acid)
-Cryotherapy
-Electrocautery
-Topical corticosteroids
-Surgical excision (best method from removal and control of EGT)

Question 11

Lower limb wound bandage should be wrapped _-_cm proximal and distal to the wound edges

Answer 11

2-4

Question 12

Lower limb support bandage is used to provide

Answer 12

support for soft tissues of the limb contralateral to the injured leg

Question 13

What does a lower limb support bandage minimize

Answer 13

static limb edema in a confined, inactive horse

Question 14

Splint applications are use in

Answer 14

extensor or flexor tendon lacerations, flexure deformities in foals, and radial nerve paresis

Question 15

Splint application is added to a limb bandage to reinforce:

Answer 15

immobilization of a particular part of a limb

Question 16

Where should splint application be placed

Answer 16

just below the carpus/tarsus all the way to the ground or can be placed the full length of the forelimb

Question 17

Splints are usually placed on the _ surface of the limb

Answer 17

flexor

Question 18

Support bandage should be placed before splint application and should be long enough to cover :

Answer 18

the limb above and below the ends of the splint (to prevent pressure sore)

Question 19

Splint should be reset at least _ per day

Answer 19

once

Question 20

Reasons for tail bandages and wraps

Answer 20

protection during shipping, protection from feces, urine, or fetal fluids; for prevention of contamination on the vulva or perineum during medical and sx reproductive procedures

Question 21

Tail bandages and wraps should be changed _

Answer 21

daily

Question 22

In a large animal with a trail bandage or wrap, what should you monitor for

Answer 22

signs of strangulation; swelling, cool temp.,skin discoloration, loss of sensation

Question 23

Several tail hairs are pulled proximally to form a locking loop between each pass of the gauze to keep the wrap from

Answer 23

sliding off the tail

Question 24

if longer use of a tail wrap is necessary, someone will need to

Answer 24

attend the horse’s head to relieve the jugular vein every 1-2 minutes

Question 25

How is a tail bag created

Answer 25

removing the hand portion from a standard rectal sleeve

Question 26

Cast for horses is used to

Answer 26

manage orthopedic injuries or problems that require maximum support and immobilization

Question 27

casts are commonly used for _ limb problems; sometimes full limb application

Answer 27

lower

Question 28

Distal limb cast

Answer 28

standing sedated patient or general anesthesia

Question 29

Full limb cast application requires

Answer 29

general anesthesia

Question 30

Cast indications

Answer 30

-Lower limb fractures -Tendon lacerations -Support for induction or recovery for orthopedic surgery -Heel bulb lacerations -Luxations: tarsus, fetlock, or pastern

Question 31

The cast must immobilize the joint _ and _ to the injury

Answer 31

proximal; distal

Question 32

Full limb cast must extend up to the _ or _ as far as possible

Answer 32

elbow; stifle

Question 33

Most frequently used material for casts

Answer 33

fiberglass

Question 34

Casts must be applied properly, or serious problems, such as _ _ can occur

Answer 34

pressure necrosis

Question 35

cast application supplies

Answer 35

-cast material -support foam -orthopedic felt and stockinette -cast padding -white tape -towel clamps -bandage scissors -1/8th inch drill bit and hand drill -hoof rasp -shoe pullers -hoof knife -wooden wedge block -broom handle -wire (approx. 30cm)

Question 36

How should horse be positioned for cast placement

Answer 36

under general anesthesia, lateral recumbency with affect limb up

Question 37

Hooves grow an average of _inch per month. Every 5-8 weeks the shoes must be removed and hooves trimmed to prevent overgrowth

Answer 37

1/4

Question 38

Effect limb support during cast placement is essential to maintain

Answer 38

limb alignment

Question 39

Traction can be applied to a limb before cast application by

Answer 39

drilling two holes in the toe of the hoof and threading a loop of wire through the holes w/ a broomstick placed in the loop to apply traction

Question 40

What must be done to prep limb for cast application

Answer 40

clean and dry, powdered w/ talcum or boric acid to keep area dry, of wound or sx site present, 3 layer bandage is used to cover it

Question 41

How many layers of cast material is applied

Answer 41

5-6

Question 42

What should be applied in the last layers of cast material

Answer 42

a wedge block (wooden, plastic, or rubber)

Question 43

What is mandatory for cast monitoring

Answer 43

stall confinement

Question 44

Indications for cast change or removal

Answer 44

breakage, increased lameness, swelling above cast, exudate coming from top or through cast

Question 45

Removal of cast from a horse

Answer 45

animal standing, w/ Stryker saw: cast split on medial and lateral surface and continued under the foot

Question 46

Bandages and cast are tolerated remarkably well by

Answer 46

cattle

Question 47

_ recumbency for cattle is preferred because they do not tolerate bandage application or removal in standing position

Answer 47

lateral

Question 48

It is necessary to use _____ in ruminants

Answer 48

padding between the claws and underneath the declaws

Question 49

Cattle have _ weight bearing digits on each foot which is an advantage in the management of lameness confined to one digit

Answer 49

2

Question 50

Modified Thomas splint can be used for

Answer 50

long bone fractures distal to the elbow and stifle

Question 51

Modified Thomas splint is especially useful for radius and tibia fractures because:

Answer 51

these bones cannot be stabilized with a plane cast alone

Question 52

What is used to construct the metal ring of a modified Thomas splint that will encircle the proximal part of the leg

Answer 52

a template, devised from a nasogastric tube or other flexible tubing. a 1/4 inch aluminum rod is bent