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Clinical Procedures II > Large animal wound management > Flashcards

Large animal wound management Flashcards

1
Q

Why should you not use a water hose with a spray nozzle when lavaging a wound

A

because water pressure could drive dirt and bacterial into the tissue

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2
Q

If the wound is to be closed, _ or _ _ may be needed

A

tranquilization; general anesthesia

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3
Q

If tranquilization is used, _ or _ anesthesia is also necessary for debridement and closure

A

local; regional

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4
Q

proper technique for infiltration of a wound edge with a local anesthetic

A

mepivacaine or lidocaine applied 1cm from wound edge. The needle should enter through the skin at the point of the last injection

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5
Q

A _ block using a local anesthetic is infiltrated SQ around the limb of a horse to triage a distal limb wound

A

ring

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6
Q

To anesthetize the portion of the limb distal to the block

A

palmar digital nerve blocks of the right forelimb

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7
Q

The toxic dose of local anesthetics is approximately ___, if this dose is reached complications such as heart block, convulsions, and bradycardia can result

A

13mg/kg

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8
Q

Open wounds on distal aspect of the limb of a horse are notorious for developing _

A

Exuberant Granulation Tissue (EGT)

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9
Q

Exuberant Granulation Tissue (EGT) is also known as

A

Proud flesh

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10
Q

Controlling granulation

A

-Immobilization of limb
-Wound bandaging
-Caustic agents (equal parts copper sulfate & boric acid)
-Cryotherapy
-Electrocautery
-Topical corticosteroids
-Surgical excision (best method from removal and control of EGT)

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11
Q

Lower limb wound bandage should be wrapped _-_cm proximal and distal to the wound edges

A

2-4

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12
Q

Lower limb support bandage is used to provide

A

support for soft tissues of the limb contralateral to the injured leg

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13
Q

What does a lower limb support bandage minimize

A

static limb edema in a confined, inactive horse

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14
Q

Splint applications are use in

A

extensor or flexor tendon lacerations, flexure deformities in foals, and radial nerve paresis

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15
Q

Splint application is added to a limb bandage to reinforce:

A

immobilization of a particular part of a limb

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16
Q

Where should splint application be placed

A

just below the carpus/tarsus all the way to the ground or can be placed the full length of the forelimb

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17
Q

Splints are usually placed on the _ surface of the limb

A

flexor

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18
Q

Support bandage should be placed before splint application and should be long enough to cover :

A

the limb above and below the ends of the splint (to prevent pressure sore)

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19
Q

Splint should be reset at least _ per day

A

once

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20
Q

Reasons for tail bandages and wraps

A

protection during shipping, protection from feces, urine, or fetal fluids; for prevention of contamination on the vulva or perineum during medical and sx reproductive procedures

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21
Q

Tail bandages and wraps should be changed _

A

daily

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22
Q

In a large animal with a trail bandage or wrap, what should you monitor for

A

signs of strangulation; swelling, cool temp.,skin discoloration, loss of sensation

23
Q

Several tail hairs are pulled proximally to form a locking loop between each pass of the gauze to keep the wrap from

A

sliding off the tail

24
Q

if longer use of a tail wrap is necessary, someone will need to

A

attend the horse’s head to relieve the jugular vein every 1-2 minutes

25
Q

How is a tail bag created

A

removing the hand portion from a standard rectal sleeve

26
Q

Cast for horses is used to

A

manage orthopedic injuries or problems that require maximum support and immobilization

27
Q

casts are commonly used for _ limb problems; sometimes full limb application

A

lower

28
Q

Distal limb cast

A

standing sedated patient or general anesthesia

29
Q

Full limb cast application requires

A

general anesthesia

30
Q

Cast indications

A

-Lower limb fractures
-Tendon lacerations
-Support for induction or recovery for orthopedic surgery
-Heel bulb lacerations
-Luxations: tarsus, fetlock, or pastern

31
Q

The cast must immobilize the joint _ and _ to the injury

A

proximal; distal

32
Q

Full limb cast must extend up to the _ or _ as far as possible

A

elbow; stifle

33
Q

Most frequently used material for casts

A

fiberglass

34
Q

Casts must be applied properly, or serious problems, such as _ _ can occur

A

pressure necrosis

35
Q

cast application supplies

A

-cast material
-support foam
-orthopedic felt and stockinette
-cast padding
-white tape
-towel clamps
-bandage scissors
-1/8th inch drill bit and hand drill
-hoof rasp
-shoe pullers
-hoof knife
-wooden wedge block
-broom handle
-wire (approx. 30cm)

36
Q

How should horse be positioned for cast placement

A

under general anesthesia, lateral recumbency with affect limb up

37
Q

Hooves grow an average of _inch per month. Every 5-8 weeks the shoes must be removed and hooves trimmed to prevent overgrowth

A

1/4

38
Q

Effect limb support during cast placement is essential to maintain

A

limb alignment

39
Q

Traction can be applied to a limb before cast application by

A

drilling two holes in the toe of the hoof and threading a loop of wire through the holes w/ a broomstick placed in the loop to apply traction

40
Q

What must be done to prep limb for cast application

A

clean and dry, powdered w/ talcum or boric acid to keep area dry, of wound or sx site present, 3 layer bandage is used to cover it

41
Q

How many layers of cast material is applied

A

5-6

42
Q

What should be applied in the last layers of cast material

A

a wedge block (wooden, plastic, or rubber)

43
Q

What is mandatory for cast monitoring

A

stall confinement

44
Q

Indications for cast change or removal

A

breakage, increased lameness, swelling above cast, exudate coming from top or through cast

45
Q

Removal of cast from a horse

A

animal standing, w/ Stryker saw: cast split on medial and lateral surface and continued under the foot

46
Q

Bandages and cast are tolerated remarkably well by

A

cattle

47
Q

_ recumbency for cattle is preferred because they do not tolerate bandage application or removal in standing position

A

lateral

48
Q

It is necessary to use _____ in ruminants

A

padding between the claws and underneath the declaws

49
Q

Cattle have _ weight bearing digits on each foot which is an advantage in the management of lameness confined to one digit

A

2

50
Q

Modified Thomas splint can be used for

A

long bone fractures distal to the elbow and stifle

51
Q

Modified Thomas splint is especially useful for radius and tibia fractures because:

A

these bones cannot be stabilized with a plane cast alone

52
Q

What is used to construct the metal ring of a modified Thomas splint that will encircle the proximal part of the leg

A

a template, devised from a nasogastric tube or other flexible tubing. a 1/4 inch aluminum rod is bent

53
Q
A

Clinical Procedures II (8 decks)

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