Ch.35 Dentistry & Dental prophylaxis Flashcards
Steps to dental cleanings
Scaling
Periodontal debridement
Polishing
Tech dentistry tasks
Cleanings
Obtaining dx info
Dental charting and radiography
Intraoperative assistance
Client education
Orthodontics is
the branch of dentistry that focuses on dx and tx “bad bites” (malocclusion)
Endodontics is:
the branch of dentistry concerning dental pulp and tissues surrounding the roots of a tooth
Exodontics is
a branch of dentistry that deals with the extraction of teeth
Technicians are not doing procedures resulting in
alterations in shape, structure, or position of teeth in the dental arch
Brachydont teeth:
-small, distinct crown compared with the size of their well-developed roots.
-root apex are open for a limited time during eruption and development of the teeth
-do not continually grow or erupt
(ex: humans, carnivores, pigs)
What classification of teeth is the following:
-comparatively large reserve crown beneath the gingival margin and root structure that allows for continued growth and/or continued eruption during all or most of animal’s lifetime
-horses, rodents, lagomorphs
hypsodont
Subcategories of Hypsodont teeth
Radicular & Aradicular
Radicular teeth:
Apices eventually close
Growth discontinues
Aradicular teeth
lack true root structure
lifelong tooth growth
Incisors are used for
gnawing and grooming
Canines are used for
prehension and holding
Premolars and molars are for
shearing and grinding
Diphyodont:
two sets of teeth (deciduous and permanent), # of teeth and roots vary, most mammals
Modified Triadan System `
100 series (right maxillary quad.)
200 series (left maxillary quad.)
300 series (left mandibular quad.)
400 series (right mandibular quad.)
T/F: a scissor bite is normal for dogs and cats
true
Mandibular incisor should be behind the _
maxillary
term for when the upper jaw is wider than the lower jaw
anisognathism
Molars have occlusal surfaces for _ _
crushing food
carnivores have fewer _
molars
How many molars do canines have
2 maxillary and 3 mandibular
molars are susceptible to
caries lesions (cavities)
The deciduous teeth begin to erupt around - weeks of age
2-3
Permanent adult teeth in canines erupt between - months and - months in cats
3-7; 3-6
Clinical symptoms associated with oral issues
pawing at mouth, dropping or walking away from food after first bite, rubbing face on furniture, showing aggression when touched on face
Extraoral exam includes:
head, face, eyes, ears, and neck
Intraoral exam is done under anesthesia and examines
soft tissues of oral cavity, dental structures, periodontium
what is CUPS
chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis; painful condition that dogs can exhibit. P’s with CUPS often have profound inflammation at the gingiva, buccal and palatal mucosa, lip tissue, tongue tissue caused by bacteria in plaque
Rugae are more closely positioned in _ dogs
brachycephalic
Periodontal probes are used for
measuring, assessing mobility, assessing gingival bleeding
dental explorers are used to explore the _ of the tooth
topography
tactile sensitivity is achieve with the explorer when the flexible working end of the explorer _ as it detects surface irregularities
vibrates
Dental explorers can be used to detect:
surface irregularities, completeness of debridement, smooth transitions of fillings
intraoral radiographs are _
essential
Most common digital radiography for dentals
Direct radiography (DR)
Which radiography technique minimizes distortion
bisecting angle technique
with the paralleling radiography technique, the x-ray machine is aimed parallel to
the long axis of the tooth
Is the periodontal ligament space radiopaque or radiolucent
radiolucent
Periodontium structures
periodontal ligament, gingival connective tissue, alveolar bone forming tooth socket, cementum
Periodontitis is
accumulation of plaque and body’s response to it
Plaque becomes mineralized adherent calculus after _ hours if not removed
24
Periodontal debridement is a nonsurgical instrumentation focusing on removal of
hard and soft deposits from supra gingival and sub gingival surfaces, and disrupt bacteria within the sulcus
Safety precautions for personnel during power scaling
wear gloves, high bacterial filtration mask, eye protection, gown or scrub top
Safety precautions for patient during power scaling
-lubricate/cover p’s eyes
-intubate P and ensure cuff is fully inflated and check during procedures
Universal: broad tips are used for _ and _ deposits
medium and heavy
Slim tips are used for
sub gingival pockets and furcation areas
Replace power scaling tips when worn down _ mm
2
Amplitude in power scaling is the
distance tip moves in one cycle
Why is water usage important during power scaling
prevent pulp damage due to heat
3 parts of dental instruments
handle, shank, working end
Examination instruments
probes and explorers
Scaling instruments
cruets, scalers, files, hoes
Principles of scaling:
-Adaptation (application of cutting edge against tooth)
-Angulation (relationship of face of instrument to tooth)
-Stroke (explorer, work, root planing)
Dull instruments can _ calculus
burnish
Polish each tooth for only - seconds
3-5
Benefits of regional nerve blocks for oral sx
preemptive and postop analgesia, decreased concentration of inhalant anesthetic gas
3 basic uses of nerve blocks
splash block, local anesthesia, regional anesthesia
Infraorbital nerve block: tip of needle on
ipsilateral maxilla
Middle mental nerve block:
ipsilateral rostral lower lip from labial frenulum
Inferior alveolar nerve block : soft tissue/bone. _ may be preferred
lidocaine
Maxillary nerve block
entire maxillary quadrant on buccal and palatal sides
Grade 1 periodontal tx
routine cleaning, increased home care
Grade 2 periodontal tx
root debridement, sub gingival currettage
Grade 3 periodontal tx
root debridement, gingival currettage, sx
Grade 5 periodontal tx
extraction
closed extractions are performed on
single rooted teeth or severe periodontal disease
No hard food or treats for _ days postop exodontics
14
Endodontics is the study and tx of
inside of tooth (pulp) and periodical tissue (at apex of tooth root)
What does restorative dentistry do
restores or maintains tooth’s structure and function
Tooth resorption is common in
cats
Class 1 malocclusion
Jaw length normal, one or more teeth in abnormal position
Class 2 malocclusion
mandibular distoclusion, mandible shorter than maxilla
Class 3 malocclusion
manbiular mesioclusion, maxilla shorter than mandible
Wry bite
maxillary-mandibular asymmetry
Examples of mesocephalic or mesaticephalic dogs
beagles, labs
dolichocephalic breeds
sight hounds, siamese cats
interceptive orthodontics is
extraction of adult teeth that are causing or will cause malocclusion problems (ex: persistent deciduous teeth) remove entire tooth root
Tertiary dentin is produced in reaction to
various stimuli, such as attrition, caries, or a restorative dental procedure
Complicated fracture is when the _ is exposed
pulp
Common malignant oral tumor in cats
squamous cell carcinoma
common benign oral tumor in canines
gingival tumor
Other common oral neoplasia in dogs
malignant melanoma, SCC, fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma
What is stomatitis
diffuse inflammation of entire oral cavity
Stomatitis is common in cats and can be because of
multiple causes, gingostomatits, immunosuppressives,
What should be placed on a patient with a jaw fracture until sx
tape muzzle
Horses have _ deciduous teeth
24
Horses have _ over occlusal surfaces
cementum
To determine horses age:
occlusal surface features, eruption times, dental star
Mandibular brachygnathism aka
parrot mouth
maxillary brachygnathism aka
monkey mouth
