Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Procedures II > Ch. 10 Animal Reproduction > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Animal Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Ovulation:

A

the release of oocyte from the follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

After ovulation, the empty follicular sac fills with a clot called

A

corpus hemorrhagicum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What hormone increases in ovulation

A

progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fertilization occurs in the

A

last part of the oviduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

During fertilization the oocyte becomes _ _

A

multicellular blastocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

_ _ (CL) forms after ovulation

A

corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

During fertilization the zygote releases _ _ _ (ECF)

A

early conception factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In fertilization if embryo does not release conception factor _ regresses

A

Corpus luteum (CL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Superfecundation

A

multiple sires of two or more offspring in one gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Superfetation

A

-pregnant female conceives again while pregnant
-rare under normal conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Outermost cell of zygote become _

A

placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Uterine-placental attachment

A

number of layers separating maternal and fetal blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Distribution of contact points

A

-Diffuse
-Cotyledonary
-Zonary
-Discoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hormones from these sites control sperm and testosterone production:

A

hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spermtogenesis completed in _ _

A

seminiferous tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Development to ejaculation:

A

62 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Puberty in canines

A

7-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mature female canine is called

A

bitch, dam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Neutered female:

A

ovariectomized, spayed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mature male canine is called

A

dog, stud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Birthing in canine is called

A

whelping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Canine estrous cycle averages about - months but varies from under 4 to over 12 months

A

6-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Four stages of canine estrous cycle that repeat

A

-Proestrus: time leading to estrus
-Estrus:time of sexual receptivity & mating
-Diestrus: time of pregnancy establishment
-Anestrus: time when female is not undergoing reproductive events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Parturition (birth) occurs between _ and _ if pregnancy has been established

A

diestrus & anestrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Canine breeding occurs during

A

estrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What should be measured to determine time of canine breeding

A

P4 and LH spikes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How to measure P4 and LH spikes

A

vaginal cytology and bitch behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Artificial insemination techniques

A

vaginal, surgical, transcervical, fresh or frozen semen precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

_-day gestation for canines

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Dx of canine gestation

A

Palpation: 21-30 days
Ultrasound: 21-28 days
Radiographs: after 43 days (fetal count, size, and presentation 2-4 days before due

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Canine parturition (whelp) stage one:

A

-last 6-12 hours, but can last up to 36 hrs
-restlessness, nesting behavior
-uterine contractions without an abnormal component
-temp. drop about 24 hours before state 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What stage of canine parturition does the following occur:
-puppies delivered at this stage; takes 20-60 minutes
-60% anterior, 40% breech

A

stage 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Canine dystocia: consult vet promptly if:

A

-strong continual contractions from 30min w/out progress
-weak ,infrequent contractions for 2 hours w/out progress
-prolonged interval between puppies
-malpsotioning or large size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is used to assess fetal viability

A

ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Puberty in felines

A

4-12 months, 5-6 lbs (female)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

mature female feline is called

A

queen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

mature male cat is called a

A

tom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

birthing in felines is called

A

queening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Felines are _ ovulators

A

induced (daylight dependent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Estrus behaviors in feline

A

-increased vocalizing
-rolling, lordosis, treading in place
-maybe: anorexia and spraying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Breeding is best on the _ day of estrus for felines

A

3rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

3 possible of outcomes of feline estrous cycle

A

pregnancy, non pregnancy, no ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Primary hormones for feline estrous cycle

A

FSH, LH, P4, E2, Prolactin, Relaxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Dx of feline gestation

A

signs: larger teats, weight gain
ultrasound: heartbeat at 16 days
palpation: 18 days
radiograph: after day 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Feline parturition can take how long?

A

couple of hours to over a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What stage of feline parturition is described:
-uterine contractions, no abdominal contractions
-nesting and decreased activity
-increased fetal movements; lactational secretion
-relaxation around perineal area
-ends w/ chorioallantoic membrane rupture

A

stage 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

stage 2 of feline parturition

A

fetuses delivered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

stage 3 feline parturition

A

-placenta passed
-uterus returns to normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

T/F: feline dystocia is rare and is mostly in purebred

A

true

50
Q

Fetal causes of feline dystocia

A

large size, lateral deviation of head, breech

51
Q

Maternal causes of feline dystocia

A

uterine torsion, primary and secondary uterine inertia, small pelvis size (malnutrition or very young)

52
Q

Queens can usually ___ in dystocia

A

assist herself

53
Q

Considerations for feline dystocia

A

oxytocin, C-section

54
Q

Immature equine is called a

A

foal

55
Q

Equine 6-12 months are called

A

weanlings

56
Q

Puberty for equine

A

filly (1-2years) ; colts (3 years)

57
Q

mature female equine (0-2years)

A

mare, filly

58
Q

A horse may be called ovariectomized, spayed but _ is rarely removed

A

uterus

59
Q

mature male equine (less 3 years) is called

A

a stallion, or stud

60
Q

neutered male equine is called

A

gelding

61
Q

birthing is called _ in equine

A

foaling

62
Q

Puberty in equine

A

between 12nand 24 months

63
Q

peak of estrous activity in equine occurs near

A

June 21 (longest day of the year)

64
Q

Equine are _ polyestrous

A

seasonally (effects of light and temp. , effects of nutrition and stress

65
Q

equines ovulate _ hours before end of heat

A

48

66
Q

Equine estrus is possible without _ _ _

A

signs of heat

67
Q

Cervix should be _ in equine estrus

A

closed

68
Q

Progesterone decreases 14 days _ ovulation in equine

A

post

69
Q

_ and _ used to manipulate cycling in equine

A

lighting and hormones

70
Q

Influences on equine reproduction

A

-breed associations’ age requirements
-human-imposed breeding season

71
Q

Reproductive tract exam

A

palpate via rectum very carefully
conformation of vulva
visual vaginal exam

72
Q

Equine breeding insemination types

A

natural and artificial

73
Q

Dx of equine gestation

A

ultrasound 13 or 14 days, rectal palpation

74
Q

Equine parturition occurs between _ and _ days

A

320-360

75
Q

Induction of equine parturition

A

-weigh risks
-rectal palpation at 130 days: viability, presentation, position, posture
-before induction: colostrum, relaxed vulva and pelvic ligaments, cervical dilation at least 2.5cm

76
Q

Equine parturition is _ and _

A

rapid and strenuous

77
Q

Equine stage 2 parturition:

A

-begins w/ rupture of chorioallantois
-fetus should be out within 70 minutes for best chance of survival
-foals must get colostrum within a few hours
-careful observation for milestones and/or distress

78
Q

First postpartum estrous in equine (foal heat)

A

within 2-18 days
often bred to maintain foaling interval of 12 months

79
Q

Puberty in cows

A

10-12 months, 50-60% adult weight

80
Q

neutered male cow is called

A

steer, ox

81
Q

mature male cow is called

A

bull

82
Q

birthing in cows is called

A

calving

83
Q

Bovine estrous cycle last about _ days

A

21

84
Q

bovine heat is only about -

A

7-8

85
Q

Two types of estrous cycles in cows

A

-Follicular: follicles increase; luteal tissue regresses
-Luteal: CL develops; progesterone rises

86
Q

Average gestation of cows

A

279-283 days

87
Q

Dx of cow gestation

A

rectal palpation after 28 days, ultrasound few days sooner

88
Q

Signs of cow gestation

A

udder enlargement, relaxed pelvic ligaments, tilted tail head and hips, edematous and elongated vulva

89
Q

Stage 1 of cow parturition

A

-6 to 24 hours
-uterine contractions
-Ferguson reflex

90
Q

What stage of cow parturition is described:
-2 to 12 hours
-rupture of chorioallantoic membrane
-release of oxytocin and PGF2alpha
-strong abdominal and uterine contractions
-fetus is delivered

A

stage 2

91
Q

what stage of cow parturition is described:
-3 days to weeks
-placenta is passed
-uterus starts to return to normal

A

stage 3

92
Q

immature ovine (sheep) is called

A

lamb

93
Q

puberty in ovine (sheep)

A

5-12 months, 60-70% adult weight

94
Q

mature female ovine is called an

A

ewe

95
Q

mature male ovine is called

A

ram

96
Q

neutered male ovine is called a

A

wether

97
Q

caprine (goat) 0-3 months is called

A

kid

98
Q

puberty for caprine

A

3-7 months, more than 40% adult weight

99
Q

mature female goat is called

A

doe

100
Q

mature male caprine is called

A

buck, billy

101
Q

neutered male caprine is called

A

wether

102
Q

birthing in caprine is called

A

kidding

103
Q

Ovicaprine estrous cycle is _ _

A

seasonally polyestrous (late summer to early winter)

104
Q

Estrus in ovicaprine

A

-raised, flicking tail; vulva swollen and red
-females seek males and urinate in their presence
-females responsive to male pheromones

105
Q

_ and _ may be bred during their first fall

A

lambs and doelings

106
Q

You should flush female ovicaprine with a BCS under _

A

2.5

107
Q

breed ovicaprine toward _ of estrus

A

end

108
Q

Methods of detection for ovicaprine gestation

A

chalk changes, ultrasound (rectal 25 days, trans abdominal at 35 days or later)

109
Q

Ovicaprine have low abortion rates but causes include:

A

-plant toxins, dietary deficiencies, some drugs
-leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, chlamoydophila abortus infections

110
Q

Immature camelid is called

A

cria

111
Q

puberty for camelids is

A

10-12 months, 65% adult weight

112
Q

birthing for a camelid is called

A

unpacking

113
Q

Estrus in llama and alpaca

A

up to 36 days

114
Q

male maturity in llama and alpaca

A

adhesions of pensi to prepuce break down at about 3 years

115
Q

Camelids are _ ovulators

A

induced

116
Q

Gestation for camelid

A

340-350 days

117
Q

Camelids have _ abortion incidence: 10-50%, usually in first 60 days

A

high

118
Q

Camelid parturition stages

A

-stage 1: last 1-2 hours
-stage 2: expulsion of fetus, 20-30 minutes
-stage 3: 1-4 hours, expulsion of placenta (within 6 hours or treat with oxytocin), ovulation and fertility return at 20 days postpartum

119
Q

Primary factors involved in breeding soundness exam (BSE) for males

A

-reproductive characteristics
-semen quality
-attitude, disposition, libido
-any system abnormalities

120
Q

BSE in females

A

-reproductive and health history
-preparation for a vaginal exam
-issues of non-contamination
-endometrial biopsy

Clinical Procedures II (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions