Large animal ECC

Question 1

Most common equine emergencies

Answer 1

Colic, respiratory distress, fractures and wounds

Question 2

Colic is any condition causing

Answer 2

abdominal pain

Question 3

Two categories of colic

Answer 3

will resolve with minimal or no tx; will not resolve w/ tx

Question 4

Signs of mild pain in colic

Answer 4

pawing, stretching out
curled lip
standing quietly

Question 5

signs of moderate pain in colic

Answer 5

sedation yields only short periods of comfort
elevated HR

Question 6

Signs of severe pain in colic

Answer 6

-throws self on ground
-inability to stand for short periods
-constant rolling on ground
-banging side of head on ground
-sedation: no effect
-abrasions
-Dirt, hay, mud in coat

Question 7

Labs for colic

Answer 7

CBC
Biochemical profile
PCV
TP
Lactate
Fibrinogen

Question 8

Two categories of respiratory emergencies

Answer 8

Upper airway - most common, obstruction of airflow to lungs

Lower airway-lung disease, failure to inflate lungs

Question 9

What should be radiographed for respiratory tract

Answer 9

Head and neck
Thoracic cavity

Question 10

What are transtracheal washes (TTW) used for

Answer 10

-Pneumonia dx
-Bacterial culture
-Cytologic preparation of respiratory secretions

Question 11

Tracheotomy is essential for relieving respiratory distress due to

Answer 11

upper airway obstruction

Question 12

Distal forelimb fracture

Answer 12

distal metacarpus
proximal and middle phalanges
sesamoid bones

Question 13

Distal-mid forelimb fracture

Answer 13

mid to proximal metacarpus and carpus

Question 14

Mid forelimb fracture

Answer 14

radius and elbow

Question 15

Proximal forelimb fracture

Answer 15

humerus and scapula

Question 16

Distal to mid hindlimb fracture

Answer 16

mid to proximal metatarsus

Question 17

Mid hindlimb fracture

Answer 17

tarsus, tibia, stifle

Question 18

Proximal hindlimb fracture

Answer 18

femur and pelvis

Question 19

Emergencies for food animals

Answer 19

-Abomasum or volvulus of the cecum
-Abomasal ulcers
-Rumen tympany (bloat)
-vagal indigestion
-Abdominal surgery

Question 20

What parasite is described
-Avid blood feeders
-Profound anemia
-Small ruminants more at risk
-Blood transfusion tx

Answer 20

Haemonchus contortus

Question 21

What tool allows gas to escape used in a rumenostomy

Answer 21

Tracer

Question 22

Signs of choking

Answer 22

Gagging, retching, excessive drooling

Question 23

Tx of choking

Answer 23

massage, esophageal tube

Question 24

What is a transfaunation

Answer 24

transfer of luminal microbes from healthy individual

Question 25

What is crucial to prognosis for joint laxations

Answer 25

prompt tx

Question 26

Causes of down animals

Answer 26

Sepsis and shock
Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia
Orthopedic problems
Neoplasia
Neuro disease

Question 27

Assistance for down animals

Answer 27

hip lifters, slings, hydroflotation

Question 28

What does epidural anesthesia do

Answer 28

reduce pain, decrease force of contractions, dam no longer able to assist

Question 29

Presentation of foal or calf can be _ or _

Answer 29

anterior (front legs first) or posterior (back legs first)

Question 30

uterine torsion in cattle and camelids is a disorder of pregnancy that is characterized by _ _

Answer 30

uterine twists

Question 31

Correction of uterine torsion

Answer 31

-roll animal to correct torsion
requires multiple people
plank in the flank method
-surgical correction

Question 32

What is a limiting factor in small ruminant dystocia

Answer 32

size of veterinarians hands (uterus is more easily ruptured)

Question 33

Clinical signs of toxic metritis and toxic mastitis

Answer 33

toxic shock (tachycardia and tachypnea)
weakness
neurologic deficits
may be down

Question 34

Uroliths in small ruminants can result in

Answer 34

bladder rupture
urethral rupture
death

Question 35

Tx of urolithiasis in small ruminant

Answer 35

-address severe metabolic derangements first
-urethrostomy
-tube cystotomy
-prevention