Large animal ECC Flashcards
Most common equine emergencies
Colic, respiratory distress, fractures and wounds
Colic is any condition causing
abdominal pain
Two categories of colic
will resolve with minimal or no tx; will not resolve w/ tx
Signs of mild pain in colic
pawing, stretching out
curled lip
standing quietly
signs of moderate pain in colic
sedation yields only short periods of comfort
elevated HR
Signs of severe pain in colic
-throws self on ground
-inability to stand for short periods
-constant rolling on ground
-banging side of head on ground
-sedation: no effect
-abrasions
-Dirt, hay, mud in coat
Labs for colic
CBC
Biochemical profile
PCV
TP
Lactate
Fibrinogen
Two categories of respiratory emergencies
Upper airway - most common, obstruction of airflow to lungs
Lower airway-lung disease, failure to inflate lungs
What should be radiographed for respiratory tract
Head and neck
Thoracic cavity
What are transtracheal washes (TTW) used for
-Pneumonia dx
-Bacterial culture
-Cytologic preparation of respiratory secretions
Tracheotomy is essential for relieving respiratory distress due to
upper airway obstruction
Distal forelimb fracture
distal metacarpus
proximal and middle phalanges
sesamoid bones
Distal-mid forelimb fracture
mid to proximal metacarpus and carpus
Mid forelimb fracture
radius and elbow
Proximal forelimb fracture
humerus and scapula
Distal to mid hindlimb fracture
mid to proximal metatarsus
Mid hindlimb fracture
tarsus, tibia, stifle
Proximal hindlimb fracture
femur and pelvis
Emergencies for food animals
-Abomasum or volvulus of the cecum
-Abomasal ulcers
-Rumen tympany (bloat)
-vagal indigestion
-Abdominal surgery
What parasite is described
-Avid blood feeders
-Profound anemia
-Small ruminants more at risk
-Blood transfusion tx
Haemonchus contortus
What tool allows gas to escape used in a rumenostomy
Tracer
Signs of choking
Gagging, retching, excessive drooling
Tx of choking
massage, esophageal tube
What is a transfaunation
transfer of luminal microbes from healthy individual
What is crucial to prognosis for joint laxations
prompt tx
Causes of down animals
Sepsis and shock
Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia
Orthopedic problems
Neoplasia
Neuro disease
Assistance for down animals
hip lifters, slings, hydroflotation
What does epidural anesthesia do
reduce pain, decrease force of contractions, dam no longer able to assist
Presentation of foal or calf can be _ or _
anterior (front legs first) or posterior (back legs first)
uterine torsion in cattle and camelids is a disorder of pregnancy that is characterized by _ _
uterine twists
Correction of uterine torsion
-roll animal to correct torsion
requires multiple people
plank in the flank method
-surgical correction
What is a limiting factor in small ruminant dystocia
size of veterinarians hands (uterus is more easily ruptured)
Clinical signs of toxic metritis and toxic mastitis
toxic shock (tachycardia and tachypnea)
weakness
neurologic deficits
may be down
Uroliths in small ruminants can result in
bladder rupture
urethral rupture
death
Tx of urolithiasis in small ruminant
-address severe metabolic derangements first
-urethrostomy
-tube cystotomy
-prevention
