Large Animal Needs Lowe

Question 1

4 Macronutrients

Answer 1

Water
Energy
Fiber
Protein

Question 2

Hierarchal Pyramid of Energy

Answer 2

Maintenance
Immune System
Lactation
Growth
Reproduction

Question 3

What can alter the maintenance requirement?

Answer 3

temperature
stress
life stage
exercise
body size

Question 4

In what species can antibodies cross the placenta?

Answer 4

primates and humans

Question 5

Do younger animals have a higher or lower energy maintenance requirement?

Answer 5

higher

Question 6

Highest immune energy needs occur in what life stage?

Answer 6

weaning (post-weaning)

Question 7

Overall energy needs are highest when?

Answer 7

younger horses

Question 8

Age vs Percent Body Fat

Answer 8

Higher in Age = Higher Body Fat

Question 9

Body Fat vs Protein Accretion

Answer 9

Increase body fat = decrease protein accretion

Question 10

Protein Accretion vs Amino Acid Requirements

Answer 10

decreased protein acccretion = decreased AA requirements

Question 11

Which has higher AA requirements - younger or older animals?

Answer 11

younger

Question 12

Energy Source for Monogastrics

Answer 12

Grain (seed of the grass - CORN, wheat, rice, barley)
Distiller’s Grains
Leftover Bakery Goods (granola bars, cake mix, stale bread)

Question 13

Energy Source for Ruminants

Answer 13

Grass hay (technically legume hays too), including corn stalks, straw
you can also use grains (caution d/t fermentation and bacteria)

Question 14

Fiber Source in Monogastrics

Answer 14

wheat middlings (outside of the wheat kernel), soybean hulls

fiber isn’t a huge concern in fiber

Question 15

Fiber Source in Ruminants

Answer 15

roughage (corn stalks, straw)

Question 16

Protein Source for Monogastrics

Answer 16

soybean meal, soybean byproducts, seed oils (soy, sunlower, canola)

Question 17

Protein Source for Ruminants

Answer 17

Distiller’s grains, soy byproducts (but not efficient), legume roughage, urea

Question 18

Protein Requirement in Dairy vs Beef Cows

Answer 18

MUCH higher in dairy

Question 19

Do ruminants have any B vitamin requirements?

Answer 19

NO (the rumen bacteria makes its own!)

Question 20

Fat Soluble Vitamins

Answer 20

A D E K

Question 21

How do monogastrics get their micronutrients?

Answer 21

SUPPLEMENTATION ONLY

Question 22

Fat Soluble Vitamin Source in Ruminants

Answer 22

green grass and sunshine

Question 23

What mineral is toxic to sheep?

Answer 23

COPPER

Question 24

Can you gve a cattle or swine feed to sheep?

Answer 24

NO there’s COPPER they gon DIE

Question 25

Limestone

Answer 25

great for providing calcium

Question 26

Soil Dependency and Trace Minerals

Answer 26

soil in different regions is made up of different stuff so you gotta customize it for the locality

Question 27

Distiller’s Grains

Answer 27

energy source for monogastrics
protein source for ruminants