Language change Flashcards

1
Q

prescriptivism

A

language should be protected from change

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2
Q

descriptivism

A

all varieties of language are valuable and positive

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3
Q

archaic

A

old and out dated

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4
Q

codification

A

a change becomes officially recognised

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5
Q

lexical innovation

A

using current words and adapting to make new words

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6
Q

affixation

A

adding a prefix

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7
Q

blending

A

taking parts of two existing words

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8
Q

clipping

A

shortening a word

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9
Q

conversion

A

a word changes class

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10
Q

compounding

A

combining two full existing words

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11
Q

reduplication

A

combining two similar sounds

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12
Q

acronymisation

A

using first letters to make a word, said as a word

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13
Q

initialisation

A

using first letters to make a word, said as letters

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14
Q

lexical invention

A

creating fully new words

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15
Q

loan words / borrowing

A

new words from other languages

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16
Q

eponymisation

A

using someone’s name to form a word

17
Q

neologisation

A

completely new word

18
Q

amelioration

A

gains a more positive meaning

19
Q

bleaching

A

loses power

20
Q

derogation

A

gains a more negative meaning

21
Q

expansion

A

definition covers more

22
Q

metaphor / metonymy

A

a word / phrase becomes a metaphor and so its meaning changes

23
Q

restriction

A

a word loses some of its meaning

24
Q

neosemy

A

gains a completely new meaning

25
words bought by vikings
sky skull anger
26
norman influence
large amount of French terms
27
the great vowel shift
long vowel sounds moved from front of mouth to further back moose --> mouse
28
Caxton
bought printing press to england in 15th century
29
johnson
published a dictionary in 1755 containing 40,000 words and spellings trying to control language is like trying to 'lash the wind'
30
swift
believed that English needed to be corrected and improved. he disliked - contractions - clipped words - new words - borrowed words - young people changing language
31
lowth
wrote a grammar book for teaching stated that multiple negation isn't acceptable (this has become codified)