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CLA Flashcards

PAPER 1

1
Q

order of phonemes

A

plosives and nasal first
bilabials (look at lips)
velar
fricative

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2
Q

whole-word approach

A

encouraged to look and say
relies on children memorising large numbers of words

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3
Q

berko

A

wug test -
shown fictional monsters and asked to finish sentence
e.g - this is a Wug, there are now two ______
75% of children (4-5) selected the right ending

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4
Q

substitution

A

letter is replaced by another

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5
Q

substitution

A

easier phoneme is used in place of a harder one
‘logurt’ instead of yogurt

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6
Q

Stage 5 of language acquisition

A

protowords
assigns sounds to objects

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7
Q

transposed letters

A

written the wrong way round

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8
Q

Ehri

A

4 stages to learning to read
- pre-alphabetic
- partial alphabetic
- full alphabetic
- consolidated alphabetic

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9
Q

britton

A

children need creative freedom in order to learn to write

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10
Q

post telegraphic stage

A

full use of the english language including contractions and irregular verbs

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11
Q

phonic approach

A

children are encouraged to recognise which graphemes (letters), digraphs (two letters) and trigraphs (three letters) correspond to what phonemes

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12
Q

assimilation

A

uses a sound from earlier / later in the word to make it easier to say
‘lellow’ instead of yellow

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13
Q

clay’s concepts

A

must be understood
- sign (writing carries meaning)
- message (spoken words can be written)
- space (words need spaces between them)
- direction (left to right)

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14
Q

Stage 3 of language acquisition

A

Babbling
6 months
reduplicated (baba / dada)
variegated (daba / dimba)
phonemic expansion (lots of phonemes)
phonemic contraction (then only used phonemes from own language)

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15
Q

Stage 6 of language acquisition

A

first word
usually dog, cat, mum, dad etc
moves to holophrastic stage

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16
Q

psycholinguistic approach

A

decodes words based on context (other words in sentence, pictures etc)

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17
Q

torrance

A

assessment leads to better writing, accuracy is important

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18
Q

lenneberg

A

there is a critical period for learning language
2-14 years old

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19
Q

graphemic cluster substitution

A

a group of letters is replaced by others

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20
Q

Nativism

A

children have an internal, innate language learning device
Chomsky - language aquisition device (LAD) contains a set of rules (universal grammar) which is inbuilt. This is shown when they make a virtuous error (‘we throwed’) which the parent wouldn’t have taught, but follows internal grammatical rules.

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21
Q

Bard et al

A

Jim - boy who had 2 deaf parents and didnt learn to speak
speech therapists taught him to speak, showing importance of interaction

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22
Q

mehler

A

babies recognise their parents’ language when they were born

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23
Q

social constructivism

A

children learn the rules of language and learn to construct it
Tomasello - children listen to language and find patterns to develop schema
Braine - children use frames / slots
- e.g the frame for having completed an action is ‘I XXX-ed’ and will full in the verb appropriately.

24
Q

behaviourist approach

A

Skinner
children learn through positive and negative reinforcement

25
Halliday
7 core sentence functions - instrumental - needs something - regulatory - wants something to happen - interactional - interacts with others - personal - expressing themselves - heuristic - learning about the world - imaginative - being creative with language (stories) - representational - relaying facts
26
graphemic cluster omission
a group of letters is missed out
27
interactionism
Bruner children born as blank slate (tabula rasa) and learn language from social environment Language acquisition support system (LASS) - how caregivers support children's' development Also, child directed speech (CDS) - labelling (thats a dog) - echoing (repeating what the child says) - expansion - repeating what child says but with more sophistication - reformulation - repeating what the child says but in different way
28
rescorla
3 kinds of overextension - categorical - applies a label to everything in a category (dog for all animals) - analogical - applies same label to something physically / visually similar (tomato to a ball) - relational - applies a somewhat related label (pen for paper)
29
cursive writing
letters are joined up
30
consonant cluster reduction
removal of consonant sounds 'ra-it' for rabbit
31
barclay
7 stages to writing - scribbling - mock handwriting (scribbling in shapes) - mock letters (scribbles which resemble letters) - conventional letters (proper letters formed) - invented spelling (uses phonetic pronunciation to spell) - appropriate spelling (improvement of spelling) - correct spelling
32
deletion
a sound is removed 'mingo' for flamingo
33
belugi
child fronts negatives when learning to negate - no wants food
34
chall
6 stages to reading - pseudo reading - from memory (6) - decoding - sounding words out (6-7) - fluency - simple texts can be read (7-8) - learning - uses reading to learn (8-14) - multiple viewpoints (14-18) - construction and reconstruction - critical and analytical reading (18+)
35
berko and brown
children can notice mistakes in others' language but not their own - child said 'fis' - when asked if they meant 'fis' they said no - when asked if they meant 'fish' they said yes
36
cognitivism
children cannot express what they cannot understand Piaget - until children learn the concept of object permanence, they struggle to name things Vygotsky - children's 'gaps' in knowledge is the zone of proximal development (ZPD) and can be filled using the caregiver's knowledge, since they are the more knowledgeable other (MKO)
37
24 months - 2 years
telegraphic stage just enough words to communicate increase in vocabulary word classes often omitted - where we go? - I wear jacket at end of stage language becomes more complex, adding negatives, inflections and conjunctions
38
Pre birth
Children can hear people talking at 16-18 weeks (in womb)
39
diminutive
modified version of a word to show affection / small nature
40
Snow
motherese - high pitch - greater range of intonation - use of interrogatives and declaratives
41
Stage 1 of language acquisition
Instinctive biological noises 0-6 weeks usually crying no control
42
addition
adds new thing into pronunciation ' cat - o'
43
Stage 2 of language acquisition
Cooing and vocal play 7 weeks long vowel sounds vocal play (experimenting with sounds)
44
insertion
extra letter added to a word
45
12 - 18 months
holophrastic stage single words (usually nouns) often one word could have different meanings - e.g 'dog' could mean 'there's a dog!' or 'wheres the dog?' this is indicated through intonation
46
diminutisation
form of addition to make diminutives 'doggy'
47
Stage 4 of language acquisition
melodic utterances 9 months intonation is used experiments with rhythm and tone
48
pye
all cultures teach children to speak, but not all use CDS, showing evidence of an internal learning system
49
kroll
4 stages to learning to write - preparatory (18mo - 6Y) - acquires fine motor skills and basic spelling rules. - consolidation (6-8) - writing represents speech, short declaratives used, no punctuation - differentiation (8-16) - spoken and written modes are different. better control of SPaG - integration stage - 16+ - development of individual style
50
18 - 24 months
two word stage verbs emerge syntax develops - subject and verb (Dad laugh) - verb and object (bark dog) - noun phrases (warm blanket) - verb phrases (run far)
51
grapheme-phoneme correspondence
when letters match the sound - dog does, but gnome doesnt
52
omission
letter missed out
53
goouch et al
a child's self esteem will suffer if told their writing is wrong
54
55
dore
sentence functions - labelling - repeating - answering - calling - greeting - requesting action - protesting - practising

ENGLISH (13 decks)

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