Language And Reading 2

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

The way that words are structured into phrases, clauses, and sentences

Question 2

Tree diagrams

Answer 2

Method to structure phrases, clauses, and sentences

Question 3

In a tree diagram, each sentence can be broken down to small constituents aka

Answer 3

Nodes

Question 4

In a tree diagram, nodes are connected via

Answer 4

Branches

Question 5

Syntactic ambiguity

Answer 5

Where a clause and sentence may have more than one interpretation, give the potential grammatical functions of the individual words

Question 6

The types of syntactic ambiguity

Answer 6

Global and temporary

Question 7

Global ambiguity

Answer 7

When a sentence can be interpreted in two different ways

Question 8

Temporary ambiguity

Answer 8

Type of ambiguity where the meaning is made clear in the same utterance or sentence

Question 9

Global ambiguity example

Answer 9

The spy observed the politician with binoculars

Question 10

Temporary ambiguity example

Answer 10

While Anna dressed the baby threw up

Question 11

In the sentence “While Anna dressed the baby threw up”, “the baby” would be considered

Answer 11

A temporarily ambiguous noun phrase

Question 12

In the sentence “While Anna dressed the baby threw up”, “threw up” would be the

Answer 12

Disambiguating verb

Question 13

Syntactically ambiguous sentences are known as

Answer 13

Garden path sentences

Question 14

Syntactically ambiguous sentences are known as

Answer 14

Garden path sentences

Question 15

In the garden path theory, ___ ___ syntactic structure is initially considered

Answer 15

Only one

Question 16

In the garden path theory, ____ ____ is not involved in the selection of this structure

Answer 16

Sentence meaning

Question 17

In the garden path theory, the simplest structure is chosen following

Answer 17

Minimal attachment or late closure

Question 18

In the garden path theory, if the simplest structure is incorrect, then

Answer 18

sentence meaning can influence re-analysis

Question 19

In the sentence “the spy observed the politician with binoculars”, following minimal attachment, who was using the binoculars?

Answer 19

The spy

Question 20

In the sentence, “she said he tickled her yesterday”, following late closure, was she tickled yesterday or did she talk about being tickled yesterday

Answer 20

She was tickled yesterday

Question 21

Parallel models: constraint satisfaction

Answer 21

All relevant sources of info are immediately available to the parser

Question 22

The initial interpretation of a sentence depends on

Answer 22

Context, plausibility, general world knowledge, verb bias

Question 23

Constraints

Answer 23

The different sources of info; context, plausibility, general world knowledge, verb bias

Question 24

With constraint satisfaction, Competing sentence structures

Answer 24

are activated simultaneously

Question 25

The syntactic structure receiving more support from all constraints is

Answer 25

The most activated, and is chosen

Question 26

Theories that have been proposed to explain how we assign syntactic structure to a sentence

Answer 26

Garden path theory, constraint satisfaction, unrestricted race theory

Question 27

How do we compute what a sentence actually means

Answer 27

Non literal language, context and world knowledge, shallow processing

Question 28

Non literal language

Answer 28

When intended meaning cannot be derived by direct composition of the literal meanings of the words as guided by the grammar

Question 29

Shallow processing example

Answer 29

How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the ark? None, it was Noah