Lactation Ch 6 FULL Flashcards
What are the time spans with respect to breastfeeding?
6mo - Exclusively breastfeed
>6mo: breastfeed + complements
12mo: can stop or continue
can continue breastfeeding ‘til 2years
What are the benefits for breastmilk?
*immunity (can’t get w/ HMS)
infant bond w/ mother strengthened
What are the factors in the changing composition of milk?
- age of infant
- infection in the breast
- w/ menses
- maternal nutrition status
What are the functions of human milk (HM)?
nurtures and protects infants from infectious diseases
how often does the composition of HM change?
over a single feeding and/or over a day
milk matures overtime (not the same @ beginning&end)
what are the hormones asso w/ lactation? (2)
- prolactin: stimulates milk production
- released when suckling, stress, sleep
- ↓ ovulation & likelihood of getting prego again - oxytocin: stimulates the letdown (release of milk fm the breast)
- helps uterus to get back to norm (uterus contracts/shrink)
what is colostrum?
:1st milk secreted during the 1st few days postpartum (3-5 days)
- mature milk day 15
- transition milk: 5-15 days
- immunity: high in proteins (IgA&lactoferrin)
what does too much lactose cause?
Na?
diarrhea
Na: fluid hydration
what is human milk composed of?
- water
-major component
-isotonic (same osmolality) w. maternal plasma
-helps w/ hydration; easier absorption
(water in GI=>diarrhea) - energy
1oz of BM = 20 kcal
cals vary w/ fat, protein, & CHO
formula feed = ↑ energy intake (intake > amount)
lipids in HM (2)
-lipids provide 1/2 cals in HM (45-55% of all cals)
-maternal diet affect fat composition
recommendation of fat 20-35%
DHA: helps w/ cognition
medium-chain fatty acids
what is foremilk?
what is hindmilk?
- FOREMILK:
- 1st milk baby starts getting
- > watery (helps w/ hydration)
- ↓ lipid content
- some CHO (esp lactose) - hindmilk (2nd half of milk; end of feeding)
- rich in lipids (for energy)
- > CHO (oligosaccharides)
* empty 1 breast before the other to get fore&hindmilk
what fats are in HM? (3)
- DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid (omega-3 fatty acid)
-essential for retinal dev
-asso w/ ↑ IQ scores / cognitive abilities
(few formulas have DHA) - trans fatty acids
-present in HM fm maternal diet - cholesterol
-↑ in HM than HMS
-early intake fm BM related to ↓ blood cholesterol levels later in life
(won’t restrict as much as cholesterol)
What are general info about proteins in HM?
total protein: BM ↓ than whole cow’s milk
-can overload infant’s kidney w/ cow’s milk (early in life)
-HM has antiviral & antimicrobial effects *
-protective immunity
non-protein N
- ~20-25% in HM
-used to make non-essential AAs & other proteins (hormones, ect)
What are the proteins in HM?
- CASEIN: solid product fm the coagulation of milk+acidic/enzyme
-main protein in mature HM
-rich in Ca binds to protein; > absorption - WHEY: liquid product fm the coagulation of acidic/enzyme
-remains soluble in water
-some minerals, hormones,&vita binding proteins
lactoferrin (carrier for iron)
-most immunity function
-protein that remains
-enzymes present aid in digestion & protection against bacteria
what CHOs are in HM?
- lactose
- main CHO in HM
- helps/enhances w/ Ca absorption - oligosaccharides: medium-length CHO
- prevent binding of pathogenic m/o to gut, which prevents infection&diarrhea- works as prebiotic (fosters growth of healthy bacteria)
- <diarrhea & help gut fm bacteria/infection
vitamins in HM
content of vitas in HM reflect mom’s diet
HM not rich in iron, but iron is bioavail
lack Vita B12 (vegan/malnourished) & folate
-vegans, malnourished, gastric bypass
missing fat soluble vitas (ADEK)
(infants may have vita k bleeding ∴ shot right after birth)
(iron rich foods should be the 1st foods introduced to bbs)
minerals in HM
Minerals contribute to osmolality
-most have ↑ bioavailability
easier to absorb & metabolize the minerals
-↓ risk of anemia despite ↓ iron content of HM
easier on kidneys