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NuFS 106A > Adolescent Nutrition Ch 14 > Flashcards

Adolescent Nutrition Ch 14 Flashcards

1
Q

menses, Tanner stages

A

Sexual Maturation Rating (SMR) = Tanner Stages: scale of 2ndary sexual characterisitcs used to assess the dgree of pubertal maturation
-SMR 1: prepuburtal groth&dev
-SMR 2-5: occurrences of puberty
SMR 5: sexual maturation has conclusded

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2
Q

How biological age differs from chronological age?

A 
Biological changes of puberty:
-sexual maturation
-↑ in ht & wt
-accumulation of skeletal mass
-changes in body composition
Chronological age: how old
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3
Q

Describe biological changes during puberty

A
  1. sexual maturation
  2. inc in ht & wt
  3. accumulation of skeletal mass
  4. changes in body composition
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4
Q

Menarche

A

MENARCHE: onset of 1st menstrual period

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5
Q

Discuss factors affecting eating behavior during adolescence

A 
Peer influence
parental modeling
food availability, preferences, cost, convenience
personal & cultural beliefs
mass media
body image
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6
Q

conceptual model for factors affecting eating behavior during adolescence

A

MACROSYSTEMS
environmental & personals
1. microenvironmental & immediate social environment
2. cognitive-affective & behavioral & biologic
-Lifestyles -> indie food behavior

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7
Q

conceptual model for factors affecting eating behavior during adolescence

A

MACROSYSTEMS
environmental & personals
1. microenvironmental & immediate social environment
2. cognitive-affective & behavioral & biologic
-Lifestyles -> indie food behavior

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8
Q

What factors influence energy & nutrient requirements of adolescents?

A

↑ in lean body mass, skeletal mass, & body fat

  • energy & nutrient are ↑
  • DRIs provide the best est. of nutrient req for adolescents
  • profesh judgment needs to be uses
  • nutrient requiem based on chronological rather than bio dev
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9
Q

What factors influence energy requirements of adolescents?

A
  1. Activity level
  2. BMR (basal meta rate)
  3. pubertal growth & dev
    - males have > ↑ in ht, wt, & LBM-> they have a ↑ caloric need than females
    - level of PA ↓ during adore = ↓ energy req
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10
Q

What factors influence energy requirements of adolescents?

A
  1. Activity level
  2. BMR (basal meta rate)
  3. pubertal growth & dev
    - males have > ↑ in ht, wt, & LBM-> they have a ↑ caloric need than females
    - level of PA ↓ during adore = ↓ energy req
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11
Q

What are the % range recommendations for macronutrients intake (AMDR)?

A

Carbs: 45-65% cals
Fat: 25-35%;

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12
Q

What is the protein recommendation (g/d) for adolescents?

A 
Protein req influences by protein needed:
-to maintain existing LBM
-for growth of new LBM
*recomm in 0.85g/kg body wt
low protein intakes linked to:
-↓ in linear growth
-delays in sexual maturation
-↓ LBM
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13
Q

Describe the importance of calcium during this phase and differences in calcium absorption/retention.

A

Adequate intake of Ca is essential to ensure peak bone mass
Ca absorption is ↑est around:
-menarche in F
-early adore in M
-~4x > Ca retained during adore compared to early adulthood
-
Adole who do NOT inc dairy should consume Ca-fortified foods
Sodas displace nutrient-dense drinks (milk & fortified juices)
-DRI (ages 9-18) is 1300 mg/d
Avg intake:
-948 mg F
-1260 mg M
Wt-bearing activities may lead in ↑ bone mineral density

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14
Q

Describe the importance of vitamin D during this phase and differences in calcium absorption/retention.

A
  • Essential role in facilitation intestinal absorption of Ca & P
  • Essenial for bone formation
  • Synthesized by the body via sun exposure of UV B rays of sunlight
  • Nothern latitudes may req supp
  • RDA: 600IU/day
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15
Q

How iron deficiency differs from iron deficiency anemia?

A 
IRON DEF: 
-determined by low serum iron, plasma ferritin, & tranferrin saturation
-iron def more frequent
-often undiagnosed bc of expense
IRON-DEF ANEMIA: 
-determines by simple and inexpensicve hemoglobin/hematocrit levels
-indicates > advances stage of iron def
-
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16
Q

What factors are related to iron needs?

A

↑ iron needs related to:

  • rapid rate of linear growth
  • ↑ in blood vol
  • menarche in F

Iron needs greatest:

  • after menarche in F
  • during growth spurt in M
17
Q

How iron deficiency differs from iron deficiency anemia?

A 
IRON DEF: 
-determined by low serum iron, plasma ferritin, & tranferrin saturation
-iron def more frequent
-often undiagnosed bc of expense
IRON-DEF ANEMIA: 
-determines by simple and inexpensive hemoglobin/hematocrit levels
-indicates > advances stage of iron def
-
18
Q

How iron deficiency differs from iron deficiency anemia?

A 
IRON DEF: 
-determined by low serum iron, plasma ferritin, & tranferrin saturation
-iron def more frequent
-often undiagnosed bc of expense
IRON-DEF ANEMIA: 
-determines by simple and inexpensive hemoglobin/hematocrit levels
-indicates > advances stage of iron def
-
19
Q

What are the consequences of folate deficiency and severe folate deficiency?

A

Folate req for DNA, RNA, & protein synthesis
DRI 400mcg
Severe folate def -> megaloblastic anemia
-severe def is rare but inadequate folate status appears to be > common

  • ↑ incidence of birth defects (spina bifida)
  • if skip breakfast, no fortified foods = ↑ wish of folate def
20
Q

Discuss different approaches of dietary intake assessment

A
  1. AMA recomm all adoles receive annual health screening & guidance
    - wt, ht, & BMI
    - disordered eating tendencies
    - blood lipid levels
    - BO
    - iron status (demo&hema)
    - food security/insecurity-dietary intake/adequacy
  2. Nutriton screening should inc brief dietary assessment:
    - food frequency ?airres
    - 24hr recalls
    - food diaries / food records
21
Q

Describe strategies to improve nutrition counseling

A
  1. initital componensnt of session should involve:
    - getting to know adores, inc personal health or nutrition-relates concerns
    - providing overview of events & content of concealing session
  2. involve adole in decision-making process
  3. encourage to suggest ways to change
  4. work toward only 1-2 goals per session
22
Q

and messages to adolescents

A

Use tech to facilitate edu & counseling
-txt msgs
-podcasts
-YT, FB, Twitter
technology can serve to convey nutrition info in an engaging way

23
Q

Describe strategies to improve nutrition counseling

A
  1. initital componensnt of session should involve:
    - getting to know adores, inc personal health or nutrition-relates concerns
    - providing overview of events & content of concealing session
  2. involve adole in decision-making process
  3. encourage to suggest ways to change
  4. work toward only 1-2 goals per session
24
Q

Describe strategies to send messages to adolescents

A
  1. Use tech to facilitate edu & counseling
    - txt msgs
    - podcasts
    - YT, FB, Twitter
  2. technology can serve to convey nutrition info in an engaging way
  3. use effective mutation msgs for youth
    - teans are “present oriented”
    - concerned about appearance
    - achieving& maintaining a healthy wt
    - having lots of energy
    - optimizing sports performance
    - environmental/moral aspects of food
  4. parent involvement
  5. school coordinated health programs

NuFS 106A (15 decks)

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