Conditions & Interventions in Older Adults Ch 19 Flashcards
Key terms: quality of life,
measure of life satisfaction on factors such as social contacts, economic security, & functional status
Good nutrition can ameliorate effects of illness & contribute to quality of life
Key terms: mortality
leading causes of death
Key terms: morbidity
leading diagnoses of health conditions
Key terms: polypharmacy
Polypharmacy (taking several different drugs each day)
- ↑ w/ age
- Asso w/ adverse drug reactions
- Hospital admissions/ readmissions
- ↑ mortality
Medications may require dietary restriction & can interfere with appetite, digestion, & metabolism
Describe stroke risk factors
Age Long-term high blood pressure Family history African Amer, Asian, Hispanic Physical inactivity Cigarette smoking Living in poverty
Comorbid conditions Diabetes mellitus Carotid artery disease Atrial fibrillation Sickle cell anemia Depression Transient ischemic attacks
Excessive use of alcohol; Drug abuse
Describe stroke clinical goals
The overall goal is to normalize BP
↓ abdominal fat
Moderate alcohol intake
↑ fruit and vegetables
Discuss hypertension nutritional strategies and recommendations
HBP - HTN: BP of ≥140/90 mm Hg
Main strategies:
- Maintaining healthy weight
- ↓ sodium to
Describe and differentiate vitamin B12 malabsorption and pernicious anemia
(vita b12 def) Pernicious anemia—due to lack of the intrinsic factor (IF), which prevents B12 absoprtion
- Prevalence: uncommon, even in older adults
- Takes 3-6 yrs to develop
Symptoms:
- Large, undeveloped RBC
- Glossitis
- Tongue fissures
- Irreversible neurological symptoms
Definition and etiology
- Most commonly results from abnormal stomach function such as bacterial overgrowth
- B12 is not digested, absorbed, or bacteria may use B12 for own metabolism
Effects
-Irreversible neurological damage, walking & balance disturbances
What are the risk factors of constipation?
↓ fluid intake
↓ amounts of food
Medication
Iron supplements
What are the consequences of constipation?
possible diverticulitis
What are the treatment of constipation?
Nutritional remedies
↑ dietary fiber & fluids
Describe cognitive disorders consequences
Effects of cognitive disorders
- Confusion
- Anxiety
- Agitation
- Loss of oral muscular control
- Impairment of hunger/appetite regulation
- Changes in smell & taste
- Dental, chewing, & swallowing problems
Describe cognitive disorders nutrition intervention
Nutritional Interventions for Cognitive Disorders
- Ensuring food safety
- Safe use of kitchen tools and equipment
- Dietary focus
1. Nutrient-dense diet
2. Maintain hydration
3. Supply needed energy
Strategies to promote food & fluid intake
- Maintain focus on eating
- Provide plenty of time to eat
- Serve finger foods
- Encourage regular drinks between bites
Discuss low body weight
- No consensus or universal definition for underweight in the frail elderly
- Compare current weight to “usual” weight
- Grades of Thinness
- Grade 1 = BMI 17-18.49
- Grade 2 = BMI 16-16.99
- Grade 3 = BMI
Describe dehydration
Definition of dehydration
- Physiological state in which cells lose water to the point of interfering w/ the metabolic processes
- Dehydration can be measured as % of body weight loss.