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NuFS 106A > Adult Nutrition Ch 16 > Flashcards

Adult Nutrition Ch 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Define: carcinogenic diet (7)

A
  • low fat & veg intake
  • low level of antioxidants (esp. vita A&C)
  • low intake of whole grains & fiber
  • high dietary fat intake
  • nitrosamines fm burnt & charred foods
  • high intakes of pickled & fermented intake
  • high animal-food => low plant-food intake
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2
Q

Define: atherogenic diet (10)

A
  • high in sat fat (>10% cals)
  • trans-fatty acid intake
  • dietary cholesterol intake (>300mg)
  • low fruit & veg intake
  • low antioxidants
  • low intake of whole grains
  • no or excess alcohol (moderation)
  • high sodium intake
  • low potassium intake
  • low intake of milk & dairy foods
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3
Q

Define: obesogenic diet

A
  • caloric intake exceed needs
  • unstructured eating
  • frequent fast-food consumption
  • high fat intake
  • sugar-sweetened drink consumption
  • energy-dense, low-nutrient food choices
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4
Q

Define: menopause

A

s

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5
Q

Define: health disparities

A

Some populaBon groups have aé prevalence of chronic diseases than others
¤ Some groups have a geneBc disposiBon for certain diseases
¤ GeneBcs & environment interact

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6
Q

Define: obesogenic diet (6)

A
  • caloric intake exceed needs
  • unstructured eating
  • frequent fast-food consumption
  • high fat intake
  • sugar-sweetened drink consumption
  • energy-dense, low-nutrient food choices
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7
Q

Define: menopause (4)

A

Women

  • ↓ of estrogen => menopause
  • ↑ abdominal fat
  • ↑ risk of CVD
  • accelerated loss of bone mass
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8
Q

Define: health disparities

A
  • Some population groups have a ↑ prevalence of chronic diseases than others
  • Some groups have a genetic disposition for certain diseases
  • Genetics & environment interact
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9
Q

What are the determinants of health disparities?

A 
Social determinants: 
1. physical environment
2. health services
3. social environment
Intrapersonal (indiv) determinants:
1. indiv behavior
2. biology & genetics
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10
Q

Describe physiological changes present during adulthood (6)

A
  • Growing stops by the 20’s
  • Bone density continues until 30 (vitaD&Ca)
  • Muscular strength peaks around 25 to 30
  • ↓ size and mass of muscle
  • ↑ in body fat
  • Dexterity and flexibility ↓
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11
Q

Describe body composition changes present during adulthood

A 
Bone loss begins around age 40
-Risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis depends on peak bone mass
- + energy balance => ↑ weight &
adiposity
     - ↓in muscle mass
Fat redistribution: ↑central & intra-abdominal space
-↑subcutaneous fat. 
Associated with:
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12
Q

Describe hormonal and climacteric changes present during adulthood

A

¤ Women
§ êof estrogenàmenopause
§ éin abdominal fat
§ éin risk of cardiovascular disease & accelerated loss of bone mass
¤ Men
§ Gradualêin testosterone level & muscle mass

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13
Q

what is fat distribution associated w/?

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Insulin resistance
  3. Diabetes
  4. Stroke
  5. Gallbladder disease
  6. Coronary artery disease
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14
Q

Define: menopause (4)

A

Women

  • ↓ of estrogen => menopause
  • ↑ abdominal fat
  • ↑ risk of CVD
  • accelerated loss of bone mass
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15
Q

Describe body composition changes present during adulthood (4)

A

Bone loss begins around age 40
-Risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis depends on peak bone mass
- + energy balance => ↑ weight &
adiposity & ↓in muscle mass
Fat redistribution: ↑central & intra-abdominal space & ↑subcutaneous fat.

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16
Q

Describe hormonal and climacteric changes present during adulthood (W4; M 2)

A 
Women
- ↓ of estrogen => menopause
-↑ abdominal fat
-↑ risk of CVD
-accelerated loss of bone mass
Men
Gradual  ↓ in testosterone level & muscle mass
17
Q

what is fat distribution associated w/?

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Insulin resistance
  3. Diabetes
  4. Stroke
  5. Gallbladder disease
  6. Coronary artery disease
18
Q

How do you estimate energy needs in adults? (Mifflin-St Jeor formula) (5)

A

-Mifflin-St Jeor formula: validated & > accurate than OLD Harris-Benedict eq
-REE: Resting Energy Expenditure
(ht in CM & wt in KG)
-Use wt, ht, & age in eq & by activity factor
-M & F have diff eqs

19
Q

How do you estimate energy needs in adults? (“ballpark” caloric levels)

A

Simple calc: (cals/lb)

  • wt maintanence: 15 cals/lb
  • wt loss: 13 cals/lb
  • wt gain: 17 cals/lb

=> wt in LBS x 15 / 13 / 17 = cals should eat

20
Q

Define: health disparities (3)

A
  • Some population groups have a ↑ prevalence of chronic diseases than others
  • Some groups have a genetic disposition for certain diseases
  • Genetics & environment interact
21
Q

What are the determinants of health disparities? (3/2 = 5)

A 
Social determinants: 
1. physical environment
2. health services
3. social environment
Intrapersonal (indiv) determinants:
1. indiv behavior
2. biology & genetics
22
Q

what is fat distribution associated w/? (6)

A
  1. Hypertension
  2. Insulin resistance
  3. Diabetes
  4. Stroke
  5. Gallbladder disease
  6. Coronary artery disease
23
Q

How do you estimate energy needs in adults? (“ballpark” caloric levels) (4)

A

Simple calc: (cals/lb)

  • wt maintanence: 15 cals/lb
  • wt loss: 13 cals/lb
  • wt gain: 17 cals/lb

=> wt in LBS x 15 / 13 / 17 = cals should eat

24
Q

How to calculate energy adjustment for weight change? (4)

A

1 lb of body fat = 3500 calories
-To lose 1 lb /week, an adult would need to create a - balance of 500 cal/day
(7 days of - 500 cals for 1 wk = -3500 => 1 lb)
-combo of ↓ intake and ↑ PA/exercise
- + balance of just 100 extra calories per day will result in a gain of 10 lbs in a year

25
Q

How to calculate energy adjustment for weight change? (4)

A

1 lb of body fat = 3500 calories
-To lose 1 lb /week, an adult would need to create a - balance of 500 cal/day
(7 days of - 500 cals for 1 wk = -3500 => 1 lb)
-combo of ↓ intake and ↑ PA/exercise
- + balance of just 100 extra calories per day will result in a gain of 10 lbs in a year

26
Q

What is the protein recommendation (g/d) for adults?

A

> 19 = 0.80 g/day

27
Q

What is the protein recommendation (g/d) for adults?

A

> 19yo = 0.80 g/day

28
Q

What is the protein recommendation (g/d) for adults?

A

> 19yo = 0.80 g/day

29
Q

What are the % range recommendations for macronutrients intake (AMDR) for adults (>19yo)?

A

Fat: 20-35%
Carbs: 45-65%
Protein: 10-35%

30
Q

What are the % range recommendations for macronutrients intake (AMDR) for adults (>19yo)?

A

Fat: 20-35%
Carbs: 45-65%
Protein: 10-35%

31
Q

Describe the U.S guidelines regarding alcohol consumption? (3)

A
  • “If you drink, do so in moderation”
  • No >2 drinks/day for M
  • No >1 drink/day for F
32
Q

Describe the eating competence model (4)

A

Paradigm for nutrition education & dietary guidance:
EATING ATTITUDES: + interest in food & eating
FOOD ACCEPTANCE: Recognizes pleasure &nutritional quality. Comfortable eating preferred foods &

33
Q

what is a competent eater?

A

Competent eater is +, comfortable, and flexible with eating. Getting enough enjoyable & nourishing food

NuFS 106A (15 decks)

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