lactation Flashcards
what are Canadian recommendations for breastfeeding
- optimal method of feeding
- encourage exclusively for at least first 6 months
- start introducing solids at 6 months — especially iron foods
- provide 10ug vitamin d supplement starting a birth
*corrected age- if preterm
- no reason to stop at 2 years
what are the benefits to breastmilk
- perfect temperature
- cost effective
- good healing properties- can rub on cuts
how to give baby vitamin d supplement
- drops on nipple, soother, bottle
- starting at birth
10ug daily
what is colostrum
- milk before lactation starts
**nutrition and immune supporting properties
** very nutrient dense, very important
how does breast milk transition?
- first two weeks
- increase in energy, lactose, fat, water soluble vitamins
- less protein and fat soluble vitamins
6% protein
55% fat
39% carbs - help prevent baby from infections
what is the composition of Breast milk
21-26 kcal/oz
protein 6%
fat 55%
carbs 39%
has enough micronutrients (besides from vitamin d)
nutrient composition of carbs
mostly lactose
- digested easily
oligosaccharides
- decrease binding of bacteria and toxins
- if baby intolerant to lactose- other taking out of diet should fix the issue
nutrient composition of protein
- very low concentration
- dont have string kidneys yet
- important water balance
- more protein the more water you need
- appropriate amino acid amounts
what is the bidifus factor in breastmilk
- microbial growth factors
- n- containing sugar
nitrogen helps baby produce non essential amino acids and produce their own proteins - more growth of bacteria- protects baby
- decrease growth of pathogenic bacteria (bad stuff)
help intestinal bacteria– build childs immune system
nutrient composition of lipids
** composition of fat changes depending on mothers diet and intake of omega 3 fat// and transfer also effected by mothers diet
- should keep DHA of omega 3 intake high– help cognitive development
Cholesterol– not present in formula
- help lower blood cholesterol later in life
nutrient composition in breastmilk
- all needs met besides vitamin d
- vitamin k- supplemented at birth
vitamin a, d, e, k, b12, folic acid and zinc are all important
how much vitamin d should be supplemented
10 ug or 400 iu per day
- dropped recommended
5 characteristic of breast milk
- immunoglobulin
- lipase activity
- lysozyme
4.lactoferrin - intestinal growth factor
what are the stages for milk production
1st- 3rd trimester
- Milk forms and protein increases
2nd- 2-3 days post pardum
- Milk composition and volume changes
3rd- 10 days post pardon
- Stable milk supply
what are mammary glands
- functional units are alveoli- have secretory cells with a duct at the centre– small ducts combine into large ducts and come together at the nipple
- these glands develop during puberty
- during pregnancy increase in estrogen allows development of glands that produce milk
which hormone is responsible milk production
- prolactin
- suppressed in third trimester
- When demand- start sucking- turns OFF INHIBITORY - therefor initiating milk production
which hormones helps “let down reflex”
- oxytocin
- Allows milk to be released from breast
- Etc. looks at picture of baby, smell top of baby head— realizes oxyoctin and more breastmilk
- Promotes urine contraction- help uterus return to size
what’s the difference between fore milk and hind milk
foremilk
- front of breast
- low fat, high nutrients
- benches thirst
hindmilk
- thicker
- higher in fat (fullness)
what is engorgement? how is it caused? solution?
breast overkill with milk
caused.
infrequent or ineffective milk removal
plugged milk duct solution
when milk remains in duct and causes blockage
- painful knot
what is mastitis?
causes?
inflammation of the breast
- missing feeds, tight bra, plugged duct that not resolved
positive and risks for breastfeeding pre terms
easier to digest than formula
more protein, lower lactose than in formula
drawback
- may gain weight slower
- poor bone mineralization
- haven’t developed adequate suck and swallow reflexes
how much extra calories do mom need while breastfeeding
first 6 months. 330 extra (including energy for weight loss calculated in)
second 6 months. 400 call extra
why do breast overfill with milk?
- infrequent or ineffective removal
- solutions– warmth and pressure, breastfeed more, pump less
