Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NAPLEX > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

1
Q

How do the following labs change during cirrhosis?

albumin
bilirubin
ammonia
INR
Cholesterol

A

Down - which causes the ascites

Up - which causes jaundice

up - causes HE

down - increases bleeding

down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What labs are analyzed for the child pugh classification and what is the scale?

A

albumin, bilirubin, INR, ascites, encephalopathy

Class A - 5-6
Class B - 7-9
Class C - 10-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the CrCl equation?

A

( 140 - age) x (weight in kg) / Scr x 72

Multiple 0.85 if women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the different weight equations?

A

IBW =
Men - 50 + (2.5 x every inch over 5ft)
Women - 45.5 + (2.5 x every inch over 5ft)

Adj BW - IBW + 0.4(ABW-IBW). ** use if ABW > 1.25 x IBW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the KDIGO stages of AKI?

A

Stage 1-SCr 1.5-1.9x the baseline or Scr increased by 0.3 or decrease in urine output to <0.5ml/kg/hr for 6-12 hours

Stage 2-SCr 2-2.9x the baseline or decrease in urine output to <0.5ml/kg/hr for >12 hours

Stage 3-SCr 3x the baseline or Scr increased by 4 or decrease in urine output to <0.3ml/kg/hr for 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the GFR stages?

A

> 90 - G1
60-90 - G2
45-60 - G3a
30-45 = G3b
15-30 - G4
<15 - G5/ESRD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are treatment options for hyperphosphatemia?

A

Calcium ACETATE (not other formulation)

Sevelamer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why does anemia happen in CKD/ESRD?

A

Because the kidney can not make erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the corrected calcium equation?

A

Measured Calcium + 0.8(4-albumin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does albumin and calcium correlate?

A

Calcium binds albumin so if there is low albumin the calcium can appear to be falsely low

They say that for every 1 unit of change in albumin, you would correct by 0.8units of calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hypercalcium

Signs/symptoms
Causes
Treatment

A

Stones, bones, groans, and psychaitric overtone

Increase PTH, thiazides

IV FLUSH/NS, loops
If chronic - can give calcitonin, bisphosphonates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypocalcemia

Causes
Signs/symptoms
Treatment (acute and chronic)

A

Low PTH, increase phosphate, decerased vitamin D, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, loops

Neuronal excitability (spasms, seizures)

Acute - IV calcium chloride/gluconate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hyponatremia

Types
**Cause
**Treatment

A

Hypovolemic (most common)
** Causes- diuretics, vomit, diarrhea, burns
** Treatment – 0.9% NS (3% if severe)

Euvolemic
**Causes- SIADH, SSRI’s, MAOi, TCA, phenothiazines,antiepileptics, vinca alkaloids
*Treatment- Fluid restriction, ADH antagonists (conivaptan)

Hypervolemic
**Causes - CHF - cirrhosis
**Treatment - Fluid restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HypoK+

Causes
Treatment

A

vomit/diarrhea, diuretics, sweating, insulin, beta agonists

IV 10-40meq/hour

Remember that K+ and Mg2+ are best friends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hyperkalemia

Causes
s/sx
Treatment

A

Low renal excretion - RAAS antagonists, K+ sparing, drospirenone

Arrhythmias (Peak T-wave)

  1. Stabilize heart with IV calcium
  2. Shift K+
    ** Insulin + dextrose
    ** Nebulized albuterol
    ** Sodium bicarb
  3. Move K+ out
    **Lasix
    **GI cation exchange resins - sodium polysterene (kayexalate) , patiromer (veltassa) , ZS-9
    **Hemodialysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the ABG interpretation? and normal values

A / B / C / D / E

A

A - pH 7.35-7.45
B - CO2 35-45
C - O2 - 75-100
D - HCO3 21-27
E - O2 sat

17
Q

Anion gap equation
what is normal?

A

AG = Na+ - (Cl- + HCO3)

3-11

18
Q

Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

Causes

A

You are losing bicarb from the body so chloride compensates by going up

19
Q

High anion gap metabolic acidosis

Causes

A

MUDPILES

Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Paraldehydes
INH/iron
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycols (antifreeze) / EtOH
Salicylates

20
Q

What is the DKA treatment plan?

A
  1. IVF NS 6-8L
  2. Regular insulin - 0.1u/kg/hr
  3. IV K+ 20-40meQ/hr unless hyperK+
  4. Add dextrose once glucose hits 200
  5. Add bicarb IF pH<6.9
21
Q

TSH normal range and how does it fluctate with hypo/hyper thyroidism?

A

0.4-4.0

TSH is high with hypothyroidism
TSH is low with hyperthyroidsium

22
Q

Total cholesterol equation

Normal lipid ranges

What is the best indicator of CV risk?

A

HDL + LDL + TG/5

TC - <200
TG - <150
HDL - 40-85
Non-HDL - most <130
LDL - patient specific

Non-HDL cholesterol

22
Q

ANC equation

Normal values

A

WBC (in 1000’s) x ((neutrophils + bands)/1000 )

Normal ANC > 1500
<500 could indicate infection

22
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

high RBC/HgB/Hct

22
Q

Microcytic anemia causes

A

MCV<80
Iron deficiency
Thalassemia
Sickle cell
Lead poisioning

23
Q

Normochromic normocytic anemia

A

MCV 80-100
ESRD

24
Q

Macrocytic anemia

A

MCV>100
B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency

NAPLEX (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions