Laboratory Cards Flashcards
these are the same as nostrils and are for breathing
nares
a heart with four chambers means the animal is blank but a heart with fewer than four chambers means the animal is blank
endothermic, ectothermic
a feature that is common only to birds
air sacs in bones
pigeons do not have blank because they do not eat fat
gallbladders
in pigs, the pancreas is special because it fits into these two systems
endocrine and digestive
the glottis allows air to enter the blank
trachea
the esophagus allows food to enter the blank
stomach
how many chambered heart of frog
3
how many chambered heart of pig
4
The blank leads to the nasal passages
nasopharynx
without this, food would enter the trachea when swallowing
epiglottis
Three functions of the liver
remove poisonous substances, regulate cholesterol levels, make bile
What does gallbladder do?
stores bile made by the liver and aids in digesting fats
Which ventricle of the heart is more muscular?
left because pumps heart throughout body
pulmonary veins carry
oxygen
major vein in head
jugular
major artery in head
carotid
major artery and vein in arms
subclavian
major artery and vein in kidney
renal
major artery and vein in legs
iliac
organ used in human males to carry sperm and urine
urethra
right side of heart pumps blood to
lungs
left side of heart pumps blood to
body
human blood cells are blank that frog’s
bigger
fish scales blank
vary
important parts of heart (10)
aorta, superior vena cava (head and shoulders), pulmonary arteries, L/R atrium, L/R ventricle, inferior vena cava (legs), bicuspid valve (left), tricuspid valve (right), semilunar valves, septum
blood movement through the heart
head and feet blood go to the inferior vena cava then into the right atrium then into the right ventricle then into the pulmonary artery then into the lungs then into the pulmonary veins then into the left atrium then into the left ventricle then into the aorta
two functions of lungs in homeostasis
pH maintenance and waste removal of CO2
Three homeostatic organs
lungs, kidney, liver
two functions of liver in homeostasis
maintain glucose levels and convert NH2 to urea
four functions of kidney in homeostasis
regulate pH, excrete excess glucose, excrete nitrogenous waste, regulate blood volume
four types of epithelial tissue
simple squamous, pseudostratified ciliated columnar, simple cuboidal, simple columnar
location of simple squamous
lungs
location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar
trachea
location of simple cuboidal
kidney
location of simple columnar
small intestine
three types of muscle tissue
cardiac, smooth, skeletal
location of cardiac muscle
heart
location of smooth muscle
digestive tract
location of skeletal muscle
muscles attached to skeleton
type of tissue that conducts nerve impulses
nervous tissue
5 types of connective tissue
blood, adipose, bone, cartilage, dense fibrous
location of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
epidermis
location of adipose tissue
beneath skin
location of cartilage tissue
nose
location of dense fibrous tissue
tendons and ligaments
most important homeostatic organ
kidney
how many nephrons in kidney
1 million
ball of capillaries in kidney
glomerulus
cup that holds the glomerulus and where filtrate is made
bowman’s capsule
what goes into the glomerulus
water, salt, urea, sugar, amino acids
this is below the bowman’s capsule and takes back sugar and amino acid
proximal tubule
this is the loop that regulates hypo and hypertonic
loop of Henle
dilluted in the kidney solution
hypotonic
concentrated in the kidney solution
hypertonic
skeletal muscle is blank whereas cardiac muscle is blank and has blank
not branched, branched, intercalated discs
three functions of epithelial tissue
protect, absorb, secrete
three functions of connective tissue
binds, protects, supports
two types of muscle tissue
voluntary and involuntary
three types of epithelial tissue
simple, cuboidal, columnar
function of simple epithelial tissue
exchange materials
function of cuboidal epithelial tissue
absorption
function of columnar epithelial tissue
protect, absorb, secrete
appearance of skeletal muscle
striated and not branched
appearance of smooth muscle
spindle
appearance of cardiac muscle
striated and branced
how to recognize slide of bone
concentric rings
stratified means
layered
squamous means
flattened
epithelium means
continuous layer
equilibrium of body’s internal environments
homeostasis
blank ventricle creates the 120 in normal blood pressure
systole
blank ventricles create the 80 in normal blood pressure
diastole
how do kidneys maintain blood pressure
reabsorb salt and water which maintains blood pressure and volume
three steps in urine formation
filtration, reabsorption, tubular secretion
substance in filtrate but not in urine
sugar
is glucose reabsorbed in kidneys?
yes
glucose in urine could mean
diabetes
flagellated cell that moves water
choanocyte
phylum with a simple tubular gut lined by an epithelial membrane
nematoda
blank is released into the blood to store the acquired nutrients
glucagon
five main parts of brain
medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum, cerebrum, corpus callosum
relays signals to the brain
pons
balance and smooth movement in brain
cerebellum
voluntary functions in brain
medulla oblongata
intelligence and memory in the brain
cerebrum
connects left side to right side in brain
corpus callosum
order of nervous signals when pricked with a pin
stimulus, receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector
eight important parts of eye
sclera, cornea, choroid, retina, fovea centralis, lens, pupil, optic nerve
protects and supports eyeball
sclera
refracts light rays in eyeball
cornea
absorbs stray light rays in eyeball
choroid
contains receptors for sight in eyeball
retina
makes acute vision possible in eyeball
fovea centralis
refracts and focuses light rays in eyeball
lens
admits light in eyeball
pupil
transmits impulses to brain in eyeball
optic nerve
six important parts of ear
pinna, auditory canal, tympanic membrane, auditory tube, semicircular canals, cochlea
collects sound waves in ear
pinna
filters air in ears
auditory canal
amplifies sound waves in ear
tympanic membrane
equalizes air pressure in ear
auditory tube
rotational equilibrium in ear
semicircular canals
hearing in ear
cochlea
two important structures in outer ear
pinna, auditory canal
two important structures in middle ear
tympanic membrane, auditory tube
two important structures in inner ear
semicircular canals, cochlea
gray color and butterfly shape that has interneurons
matter of spinal cord
a series of concentric rings are called blank
lamellae
a series of concentric rings called lamellae
osteons (haversian system)
the blank of hyaline cartilage has cavites scattered throughout the matrix which contains chondrocytes
lacunae
the blank of hyaline cartilage has a material that is more flexible because it consists primarily of protein
matrix
if a muscle contraction produces movement it is a blank contraction
isotonic
if a muscle contraction does not produce movement it is blank
isometric
two things in a compact bone
lacunae and canaliculi
bones that make up the pectoral girdle of humans
clavicles and scapula
bones that protect the thoracic cavity
ribs, sternum, vertebrae
mononucleus muscle
smooth
multinucleated muscles
cardiac, skeletal
when glycerinated muscles shorten, what happens microscopically
actin filaments are sliding past myosin filaments
chain of zygote development
zygote, morula, blastula, gastrula, embryo
does growth occur during cleavage
no
the unpigmented, yolky side of the fertilized egg is called the blank
vegetal pole
the black side that contains very little yolk is called the blank in the fertilized egg
animal pole
animal or vegetal contain larger cells
vegetal
skin, hair, nails, and nerves make up the
ectoderm
circulatory system, muscle, bones make up the
mesoderm
digestive tract, and respiratory linings make up the blank
endoderm
