Cnidaria, Porifera, Playhelminthes, Nematoda, Rotifera, Mollusca Flashcards
Sponges are in phylum
Porifera
Jellyfish and hydras are in phylum
Cnidaria
Flatworms are in phylum
Platyhelminthes
Roundworms are phyla
Nematoda
Rotifers are in phyla
Rotifera
Clams, snails, squid, oysters, scallops are in phyla
Mollusk a
Earthworms and leeches are in phylum
Annelida
Three types of mollusca
Bivalves, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda
Both mollusk a and Annelida have
Bilateral symmetry, coelom, protostome, multicellular, and three germ layers.
How many hearts of squid
Three
Thin tissue that encloses visceral mass and may secrete. She’ll in mollusks
Mantle
In mollusks that enclose the internal organs
Visceral mass
How the clams filter feed with what structure inside shell
Siphon
Cephalization is another term for blank
Had
Segmented worms
Annelida
Earthworms use what hairy structures to help them move
Setae
Secretes mucus and holds worms together during mating
Clitellum
Digestive system of earthworm in order
Pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard
What earthworm eats
Detritus
Little white structures that are part of earthworms excretory system
Nephridia
In earth worm the seminal blanks are bigger than the seminal blanks
Vesicles bigger than receptacles
A fold in worms that increase the intestines surface area
Typhlosole
cells of animals are organized into blank and blank
tissues and tissue layers
five key transitions noted in animal evolution
tissues, symmetry, body cavity, development, segmentation
sponges are these and they lack tissues and organs
parazoa
all other animals are these and they have distinct tissues
eumetazoa
which has symmetry? parazoa or eumetazoa
eumetazoa
the plane that bisects an animal with bilateral symmetry into two halves
mid-sagittal plan
two advantages of symmetry:
cephalization and greater mobility
how many germ layers produced by eumetazoa
three
body coverings and nervous system germ layer
ectoderm
skeleton and muscles germ layer
mesoderm
digestive organs and intestines
endoderm
space in between tissues, surrounded by mesoderm
coelom
body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm
pseudocoelomates
body cavity entirely within the mesoderm
coelomates
zygote dvides to form a blank
blastula
holllow ball of cells
blastula
this becomes an opening to the digestive system
blastopore
type of cleavange in protostomes and the cells move as they divide
spiral
type of cleavage in deuterostomes and cells stay in position as they divide
radial
determinate development becuase if you remove one cell, development ceases
protostomes
indeterminate development because embryonic cells can develop a new individual
deuterostomes
coelom forms simply and directly from splitting the mesoderm in
protostomes
coelom forms indirectly from outpocketing of the archenteron in
deuterostomes
blank evolved from blank about how many mya
deuterostomes….protostomes…500 mya
two advantages of segmentation
allows redundant organ systems, and allows for more efficient and flexible movement
lack symmetry and tissues
parazoa
have symmetry and tissues
eumetazoa
have two germ layers
diploblastic
have three germ layers
triploblastic
how are triploblastic animals divided today?
genetics
the animal kingdom is
monophyletic
two theories of where protists came from
multinucleate hypothesis, colonial flagellate hypothesis
which theory of where protists came from is supported by molecular systematics today
colonial flagellate hypothesis
enormous expansion of animal diversity in the Cambrian period
cambrian explosion
how did the cambrian explosion occur
the Hox developmental gene complex evolved
Fungi spores are always blank, no matter what
Haploid
Collemchyma, parenchyma, and sclerenchyma are all blank tissue
Ground
Leaves do not have blank
Pericycle
Phloem consists of blank
Sieve tube members
Blank causes seed germination
Gibberellic acid
What regulates direction of cell expansion in plants?
Direction of cellulose reinforcement
Phloem has cells separated by blank
Sieve plates
Root pressure can result in blank
Guttation
Root pressure is independent or dependent on transpiration
Independent
These promote lateral bud growth in branches
Cytokinins
Plants tolerate supercooling by increasing blank in blank
Saturated lipids in plasma membranes
Parazoans first separated from blank
Eumetazoans
larval sponges are different from adult sponges because they are
free-swimming
the inner layer of porifera contains blank
choanocytes which are also called collar cells
central layer of porifera which are gelatinous and are called blank
mesohyl
sponges digestion is known as blank
intracellular
type of digestion where each cell eats on its own
intracellular
where waste exits from the spong
osculum
Asexual reproduction of a sponge is called blank
fragmentation
larval sponges are produced by blank reproduction and use blank for swimming
sexual, cilia
have radial symmetry and two germ layers… examples are cnidaria and ctenophora
diploblasts
The layers of a diploblast are called
epidermis, gastrodermis, and in between is the mesoglea
the mesoglea is blank
noncellular
mostly all marine, have tissues but not organs, and are exclusively carnivorous
cnidaria
the largest organic structure in the world
great coral reef
these can reproduce by budding and either sexually or asexually
polyp
these cnidarians can only reproduce sexually
medusa
what kind of digestion do cnidarians have
extracellular
what kind of digestion do humans have
extracellular
blank have no circulatory, respiratory, or excretory systems
cnidaria
specialized stinging cells are blank
nematocytes
special type of nematocyte organelle that has a harpoon coated in poison
nematocyst
how many classes of cnidarians
5
small phylum whose members are called comb jellies
ctenophora
ctenophora propel themselves with eight rows of blank and have no blank
cilia, stinging cells
how do ctenophora capture prey?
colloblast
who’s more complex, ctenophora or cnidaria?
ctenophora
blank are bilaterally symmetrical and are all triploblastic
bilateria
animals that have three tissue layers
triploblastic
what is in the inner endoderm
gut lining
what is in the outer ectoderm
skin and nervous tissue
what is in the middle mesoderm
muscle and bone
two major clades of protostomes
spiralians and ecdysozoans
clade of protostomes that grow by adding mass to an existing body and have spiral cleavage
spiralians
clade of protostomes that increase in size by molting their external skeletons
ecdysozoans
soft body animals that are protostome and acoelomates and have developed musculature
planarians
planarians have a blank body plan
simple
planarians have a blank way digestive system
two way
humans have a blank way digestive system
one way
what kind of cells function similar to a kidney and is involved in digestion in planarians
flame cells
when cut, planarians blank
regenerate
four classes of flatworms
turbellaria, trematoda, cercomeromorpha
free living lcass of flatworm
turbellaria
parisitic classes of flatworms
trematoda and ceromeromorpha
flukes that live as parasites in animals
trematoda
flukes of the genus schistosoma can caus schistosomiasis because they coat themselves with blank so they become blank invisible
antigens, immunologically
tapeworms are in the class blank
cercomeomorpha
tapeworms do not have a blank
digestive system
how many body zones of tapeworms
3
three zones of tapeworms
scolex, neck, proglottids
repetitive sections of tapeworms
proglottids
phylum that has roundworms in it and are bilaterally symmetrical
nematoda
how many times do nematoda molt cuticle?
four
the piercing organs that the mouth is equipped with in nematodes
stylets
two ways nematodes feed
parasites and active hunters
nematodes can cause these diseases in humans
trichinosis, intestinal roundworm, hookworm anemia
what causes trichinosis
trichinella
causes intestinal roundworm
ascaris
causes hookworm anemia
necator
phylum that has a brain, complex internal organs, and uses a corona for funneling food
rotifera
The coelom ate body design blanks the body fluid, allows for blank to develop, and allows for a blank body size
Repositions, complex tissues/organs, larger
The second most diverse phylum
Mollusca
Pearls are produced by blank
Oysters
Mother of pearl is produced by shells of blank
Abalone
Two mollusk pests
Zebra mussel and garden snails
Except for Cephalopoda, all mollusks have a blank circulatory system
Oprn
Mollusks have a blank for locomotion
Foot
Special excretory structures in mollusks that remove nitrogenous wastes
Nephridia
This word means internal organs/inside
Visceral
Mollusks produce a blank rich shell
Calcium carbonate
Tounge of mollusks
Radula
Radula has been modified into these four structures in mollusks
Beak, drill, poisonous dart, eliminated
Fertilization in mollusks
External
First larval stage of mollusk that is free swimming
Trochophores
Second larval stage of mollusks that is only in bivalves and Gastropoda
Veliger
How many classes of mollusks
8
Four classes of mollusks
Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, bivalves, cephalopoda
Chitons are these and they have oval bodies and are grazing herbivores
Polyplacophora
Class of mollusk that has snails and slugs, primarily marine, and undergo torsion and coiling
Gastropoda
Class of mollusks that has clams, scallops, and mussels and are sessile filter feeders
Bivalvia
Active marine predator mollusk class that have arms with suction cups and are very intelligent
Cephalopoda
Mantle cavity and anus are moved from the posterior to the front in Gastropoda
Torsion
Spiral winding of shell in Gastropoda
Coiling
It’s muscle brings things together
Adductor
Squids have how many feet
10
Octopus has how many feet
8
Nautilus has how many feet
80-90
Many Cephalopoda have this to confuse predators
Ink sac
Cephalopoda change colors using these punches of pigments
Chromatophores
Annelid worms always exhibit blank
Segmentation
Segments are divided by blank in Annelida
Septae
Blank nerve cord connects to brain in Annelida
Ventral
Funnel shaped and part of excretory system in Annelida
Nephridia
Two classes of Annelida
Polychaeta and clitella
Class of Annelida that has paired parapodia and sexes are usually separate
Polychaeta
Polychaeta have these and are used in swimming and burrowing
Parapodia
Class of Annelida that Re mostly terrestrial and include earthworms and move using chaetae
Clitellata
Little chili outs bristles that anchor soil
Chaetae
Clitellata have parapodia t or f
F
Setae = blank
Chaetae
Secretes a mucus cocoon where the fertilized egg develops in clitellata
Clitellum
Member of clitellata that has no chaetae
Leech
Most successful phylum of all animals
Arthropoda
Percentage of Arthropoda are insects
80%
How many species of Arthropoda
1,000,000
Some segments are fused into blank in Arthropoda
Tagmata
Has an open circulatory system, compound eyes or single eyes,, nervous system, respiratory system, malpighinan tubules
Arthropods
Simple eyes of Arthropoda are called
Ocelli
Special part of arthropod respiratory system
Spiracles
Arthropoda undergo blank or molting
Ecdysis
Arthropoda is divided into these four classes
Chelicerata, myriapoda, Crustacea, Hexapoda
Class of Arthropoda that includes spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs and ticks
Chelicerata
How many tagmata of chelicerata
2
In chelicerata blank function as anterior appendages
Chelicerae
Posterior to chelicerae in chelicerata and resemble legs or maybe pincers
Pedipalpas
Two orders of chelicerata
Araneae and acari
Order of chelicerata that has spiders and about 35000 species
Araneae
Silk is forced out of blank in spiders
Spinnerets
All spiders have what
Poison glands
Order of chelicerata that has mites and ticks
Acari
Class of Arthropoda that are primarily aquatic and include crabs and shrimps lobsters and barnacles
Crustacea
How many tagmata of Crustacea
Three but front two may fuse
Most appendages of Crustacea are blank
Biramous
Means branches into two parts
Biramous
Most crustaceans have blank sexes
Separate
Evolved from a pair of limbs that took on a chewing function in Crustacea
Mandibles
Majority of Crustacea develop through a blank stage
Naupilus
Free swimming stage of Crustacea
Naupilus
Order of Crustacea that has ten feet and includes shrimp lobsters and crayfish
Decapoda
Paddle tail of Decapoda are called
Uropods
Order of Crustacea that includes barnacles and are hermaphroditic and have free swimming larvae but are sessile as adults
Cirripedia
Head and thorax combined in crayfish is called
Cephalothorax
