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CVA > LAB - vertebrate integuments > Flashcards

LAB - vertebrate integuments Flashcards

1
Q

How does a tissue differ from a cell?

A

A tissue is made up of cells that work together for a common purpose.

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2
Q

What are the four tissue types?

A
  1. Connective
  2. Epithelial
  3. Nervous
  4. Muscle
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3
Q

5 functions of the integumentary system:

A
  1. thickening to resist mechanical injury
  2. barrier so pathogens cannot enter
  3. keep shape of organism
  4. absorb heat/radiate excess
  5. housing sensory receptors
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4
Q

What is the primary component of the dermis?

A

collagen

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5
Q

What are some of the functions of the mucous layer in fish and amphibians?

A
  1. moisten the surface of skin
  2. protection from bacterial infection
  3. ensure laminar flow of water across surface
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6
Q

What is an additional function of the amphibian mucous layer?

A

prevent desiccation when amphibians are on dry land

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7
Q

What is keratinization?

A

is a rapid dividing of cells from the base of the epithelium that rise to the surface undergoing orderly self-destruction while accumulating protein products (keratin)

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8
Q

What is the purpose of keratinization?

A

reduce water loss through the skin in dry, terrestrial environments

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9
Q

Why are lipids added to integument during keratinization?

A

increased resistance of tetrapod skin to desiccation - comes from unicellular glands at surface/multicellular sunk into dermis

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10
Q

What is a callus and what layer of skin forms it?

A

an area of common friction that form a thick cornified layer in the stratum corneum

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11
Q

Collagen w/in the dermis of a fish is often organized into plies. What is a pile and what is its advantage?

A

collagen fibers woven into distinct layers, resisting forces in specific directions, to bend without wrinkling

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12
Q

Cosmoid scales

A

double layer of bone (vascular & lamellar) - thick layer of dentin beneath thin layer of enamel - sarcopterygians

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13
Q

Ganoid scales

A

double layer of bone (vascular & lamellar) - thick surface coat of enamel without dentin (shiny) - gars & polypterus

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14
Q

Cycloid scales

A

no enamel, dentin, or vascular bone - just lamellar in concentric rings (circuli) - teleosts

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15
Q

Ctenoid scales

A

no enamel, dentin, or vascular bone - just lamellar bone in fringe projections along posterior margin - teleosts

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16
Q

What is cutaneous respiration?

A

gas exchange between air and capillary beds in lower epidermis & dermis (some fish don’t have any lungs)

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17
Q

How does a claw differ from a nail?

A

Both are keratinized. A claw is curved & laterally compressed. It is also projected instead of attached.

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18
Q

Which mammals have nails? What is their function?

A

Primates - protect fingertips from mechanical injury and help stabilize fingers & toes for better grip on the opposite side

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19
Q

How do horns differ from antlers?

A

Similarity - they both rise up & take integument with them
Horns - integument produces tough cornified sheath that fits over bony core (keratinized)
Antlers - overlying skin (velvet) shapes & provides vascular supply to bond then velvet falls away leaving bare bone

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20
Q

Horns

A

integument produces tough cornified sheath that fits over bony core (keratinized)

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21
Q

Antlers

A

overlying skin (velvet) shapes & provides vascular supply to bond then velvet falls away leaving bare bone

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22
Q

Identify.

A

Chromatophore

Dog fish scales

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23
Q

Identify.

A

Secretory cell

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24
Q

Identify A & B.

A

A. Epidermis

B. Dermis

Dogfish Skin

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25
Q

Identify A-D.

A

A. Dentin

B. Enamel

C. Pulp Cavity

D. Spine

Dogfish skin

26
Q
A

Placoid scale-like teeth on jaw (dogfish)

27
Q

Identify A & B.

A

A. epidermis

B. dermis

amphibian skin

28
Q

Identify.

A

Mucous gland

Amphibian skin

29
Q

Identify.

A

Poison (granular) gland

amphibian skin

30
Q

Identify.

A

chromatophore

amphibian skin

31
Q

Amphibians Class -

A

Amphibia

32
Q

Birds Class -

A

Aves

33
Q

What is pictured here?

A

epidermal scales

34
Q

What are the 3 feather types:

A

flight, contour, down

35
Q

Function of flight feathers

A

major locomotor

36
Q

Function of contour feathers

A

aerodynamically shape bird surface

37
Q

Function of down feathers

A

thermal insulation

38
Q

Identify the type of feather:

A

flight feather

39
Q

Identify the type of feather:

A

Contour feather

40
Q

Identify the type of feather

A

down feather

41
Q

Identify A-D.

A

A. Barb

B. Barbule

C. Barbacil

D. Rachis

42
Q

Identify parts of the feather (A-C)

A

A. Vane

B. Quill (calamus)

C. Rachis

43
Q

What is the class of mammals?

A

Mammalia

44
Q

What are the 2 cell arrangements of mammalian epithelia?

A
  1. simple
  2. stratified
45
Q

Simple epithelium

A

only one cell layer thick - one side is attached to basement membrane

46
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

made up of more than one layer of cells

47
Q

3 general cell shapes of mammalian cells (and description)

A
  1. squamous - scale-like
  2. cuboidal - cube-shaped
  3. columnar - column-shaped
48
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

a layer of simple columnar epithelia, but the cells vary in height and their nuclei lie at different levels above the basement membrane - false appearance of being stratified (aka ciliated)

49
Q

Identify the tissue type

A

simple squamous epithelium of lung alveoli

50
Q

Identify cell type and gray ring around

A

simple cuboidal epithelium (kidney)

  • gray ring = basement membrane
51
Q

Where can you find simple cuboidal epithelium and what is a common function?

A

kidney tubules & secretory glands - secretion & absorption

52
Q

Identify cell type

A

simple columnar epithelium (know where nuclei and microvilli are)

53
Q

Where can you find simple columnar epithelium and what is its common function?

A

digestive tract - absorb nutrients via microvilli

54
Q

Where is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium found and what is its function?

A

trachea & bronchi - mucus secretion

55
Q

Easy way to distinguish pseudostratified:

A

the cell nuclei do not line up linearly across

56
Q

Identify Nail Anatomy (A-D)

A

A. Nail body (unguis)

B. Lunula

C. Eponychium (cuticle)

D. Hyponychium (subunguis)

57
Q

What is the function of the nail matrix?

A

forms new nail at nail base by pushing existing nail forward to replace worn/broken free edge

58
Q

Describe claws/hooves parts

A

Unguis - top

Subunguis - underneath

59
Q

What are the two parts of goat horns?

A
  1. bony core (underneath porous)
  2. keratin sheath (top outer layer)
60
Q
A

CVA (20 decks)

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