Blood Flashcards
What type of tissue is blood considered and why?
connective tissue (few cells - mostly ECM)
What is the percentage makeup of blood?
- 55% plasma
- 45% formed elements (WBC, RBC, platelets)
What is the composition of blood plasma?
- 92% water
- 7% protein
- 1% dissolved ions (Na, K, Ca)
What are the proteins that make up 7% of blood plasma?
- 60% albumins (hormone transporters)
- 25% globulins (antibody)
- 4% fibrinogen (clotting factors)
- <1% transferrin (iron transfer)
What do blood collection bag have in them to keep blood as a liquid?
anticoagulant
Why is plasma donation important?
- clotting factors for hemophiliacs
- immunoglobulins for immunocompromised
- albumins for sever burn victims
What is serum?
plasma minus fibrinogen - convalescent serum is used for immunotherapy
What is the composition of the formed elements of blood?
- leukocytes (WBC) - <0.1%
- thrombocytes (platelets) - <0.1%
- erythrocytes (RBC) - 99.9%
Hematopoiesis
in red bone marrow - makes RBCs
Where are blood cells degraded? And how often?
- degraded in liver & spleen (give feces its color)
- RBCs - 4 month
- WBCs - 1-2 days
Which is larger WBCs or RBCs?
WBCs are larger
What are thrombocytes?
platlets in mammals
What are the functions of thrombocytes?
- release enzymes, controlling clotting cascade
- form temporary platelet plug at injury site
- contain actin & myosin that contract platelet plug, pulling together vessel edges
What is the structure of a blood clot?
- fibrinogen converts to fibrin (at injury site)
- fibrin mesh traps platelets & RBCs
What animals RBCs lack nuclei?
mammals
What color is venous and arterial blood?
venous: is not blue - it is O2-poor blood (deep red)
arterial: it’s O2-rich blood (bright red)
Advantages of biconcave RBCs:
- flexible structure
- high SA:V (useful for O2 diffusion)
- stack into “rouleaux” to prevent logjams
What labels red blood cells?
glycoproteins
What are the four types of blood?
- Type A
- Type B
- Type AB
- Type O
Type AB specialties
- universal recipient
- rarest
- 4% of americans
Type O specialities
- universal donor
- most common blood type
- 46% of americans
What blood type can accept what blood type?
A: O & A
B: O & B
C: O, A, B, AB
D: O
What would happen if your given the wrong blood type?
the wrong blood would cause blocked vessels to be blocked by agglutinated (clotting) blood
Rh-antigen
- Rh+ have antigen (85% of Americans)
- Rh- lack antigen
When does the Rh-antigen become a problem?
when the mother is Rh- and has more than one child with an Rh+ husband
What happens to a child when there is a different antigen in mother and child?
hemolytic disease of newborn
What is RhoGam and what does it have?
- stops maternal sensitization to Rh+ blood from 1st child
1. Rh antibodies
2. destroys newborns Rh+ RBCs in maternal blood
Explain steps that take place when Rh-negative woman and Rh-positive man conceive a child:
- Rh-negative woman with Rh-positive fetus
- Cells from Rh-positive fetus enter woman’s bloodstream
- Woman becomes sensitized - antibodies form to fight Rh-positive blood cells
- In the next, Rh-postive pregnancy, maternal antibodies attack fetal red blood cells
What antibodies does each blood type have?
A- Anti-B antibody
B- Anti-A antibody
AB- None
O- Anti-A; Anti-B
What are the four glycoproteins?
- N acetyl-galactosamine
- N acetyl-glucosamine
- Fucose
- Galactose
Structure of a Blood Clot
a. platelet-fibrin matrix
b. platelet contraction
c. pull on fibrin
Structure of a blood clot
a- fibrin
b- platelets
c- erythrocytes
