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CVA > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What type of tissue is blood considered and why?

A

connective tissue (few cells - mostly ECM)

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2
Q

What is the percentage makeup of blood?

A
  1. 55% plasma
  2. 45% formed elements (WBC, RBC, platelets)
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3
Q

What is the composition of blood plasma?

A
  1. 92% water
  2. 7% protein
  3. 1% dissolved ions (Na, K, Ca)
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4
Q

What are the proteins that make up 7% of blood plasma?

A
  1. 60% albumins (hormone transporters)
  2. 25% globulins (antibody)
  3. 4% fibrinogen (clotting factors)
  4. <1% transferrin (iron transfer)
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5
Q

What do blood collection bag have in them to keep blood as a liquid?

A

anticoagulant

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6
Q

Why is plasma donation important?

A
  1. clotting factors for hemophiliacs
  2. immunoglobulins for immunocompromised
  3. albumins for sever burn victims
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7
Q

What is serum?

A

plasma minus fibrinogen - convalescent serum is used for immunotherapy

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8
Q

What is the composition of the formed elements of blood?

A
  1. leukocytes (WBC) - <0.1%
  2. thrombocytes (platelets) - <0.1%
  3. erythrocytes (RBC) - 99.9%
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9
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

in red bone marrow - makes RBCs

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10
Q

Where are blood cells degraded? And how often?

A
  • degraded in liver & spleen (give feces its color)
  • RBCs - 4 month
  • WBCs - 1-2 days
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11
Q

Which is larger WBCs or RBCs?

A

WBCs are larger

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12
Q

What are thrombocytes?

A

platlets in mammals

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13
Q

What are the functions of thrombocytes?

A
  1. release enzymes, controlling clotting cascade
  2. form temporary platelet plug at injury site
  3. contain actin & myosin that contract platelet plug, pulling together vessel edges
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14
Q

What is the structure of a blood clot?

A
  1. fibrinogen converts to fibrin (at injury site)
  2. fibrin mesh traps platelets & RBCs
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15
Q

What animals RBCs lack nuclei?

A

mammals

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16
Q

What color is venous and arterial blood?

A

venous: is not blue - it is O2-poor blood (deep red)

arterial: it’s O2-rich blood (bright red)

17
Q

Advantages of biconcave RBCs:

A
  1. flexible structure
  2. high SA:V (useful for O2 diffusion)
  3. stack into “rouleaux” to prevent logjams
18
Q

What labels red blood cells?

A

glycoproteins

19
Q

What are the four types of blood?

A
  1. Type A
  2. Type B
  3. Type AB
  4. Type O
20
Q

Type AB specialties

A
  • universal recipient
  • rarest
  • 4% of americans
21
Q

Type O specialities

A
  • universal donor
  • most common blood type
  • 46% of americans
22
Q

What blood type can accept what blood type?

A

A: O & A
B: O & B
C: O, A, B, AB
D: O

23
Q

What would happen if your given the wrong blood type?

A

the wrong blood would cause blocked vessels to be blocked by agglutinated (clotting) blood

24
Q

Rh-antigen

A
  • Rh+ have antigen (85% of Americans)
  • Rh- lack antigen
25
Q

When does the Rh-antigen become a problem?

A

when the mother is Rh- and has more than one child with an Rh+ husband

26
Q

What happens to a child when there is a different antigen in mother and child?

A

hemolytic disease of newborn

27
Q

What is RhoGam and what does it have?

A
  • stops maternal sensitization to Rh+ blood from 1st child
    1. Rh antibodies
    2. destroys newborns Rh+ RBCs in maternal blood
28
Q

Explain steps that take place when Rh-negative woman and Rh-positive man conceive a child:

A
  1. Rh-negative woman with Rh-positive fetus
  2. Cells from Rh-positive fetus enter woman’s bloodstream
  3. Woman becomes sensitized - antibodies form to fight Rh-positive blood cells
  4. In the next, Rh-postive pregnancy, maternal antibodies attack fetal red blood cells
29
Q

What antibodies does each blood type have?

A

A- Anti-B antibody
B- Anti-A antibody
AB- None
O- Anti-A; Anti-B

30
Q

What are the four glycoproteins?

A
  1. N acetyl-galactosamine
  2. N acetyl-glucosamine
  3. Fucose
  4. Galactose
31
Q
A

Structure of a Blood Clot
a. platelet-fibrin matrix
b. platelet contraction
c. pull on fibrin

32
Q
A

Structure of a blood clot
a- fibrin
b- platelets
c- erythrocytes

CVA (20 decks)

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