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Bio 40B > Lab Quiz 3 Study Guide - Text > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 3 Study Guide - Text Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the pericardium?

A

Keeps the heart contained in the chest cavity.

Prevents the heart from overexpanding when blood volume increases.

Limits heart motion.

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium - outer protective layer of the heart.
Myocardium - muscular middle layer wall of the heart.
Endocardium - inner layer of the heart that is continuous with the inner lining of blood vessels.

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3
Q

Know functions in Cardiac Muscle: mitochondria

A

produce ATP by aerobic respiration to allow for heart muscle contraction

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4
Q

Know functions in Cardiac Muscle: gap junctions.

A

enable action potentials to spread quickly from cell to cell and for cardiac muscle to contract as a unit

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5
Q

Know functions in Cardiac Muscle: desmosomes.

A

hold cardiac fibers together

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6
Q

Define: systole

A

Atrial and ventricular contraction

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7
Q

Define: diastole

A

Atrial and ventricular relaxation

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8
Q

Define: systolic blood pressure

A

Systolic blood pressure - highest blood pressure obtained in arteries during systole (atrial and ventricular contraction)

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9
Q

Define: diastolic blood pressure

A 
Diastolic blood pressure - lowest arterial blood pressure
during diastole (atrial and ventricular relaxation).
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10
Q

Define: pulse rate

A

pulse is the blood pressure wave that travels through the arteries when the ventricles contract - pulse rate very close to heart rate

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11
Q

Define: heart rate

A

number of heartbeats per minute

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12
Q

Define: cardiac cycle

A

one heartbeat. atrial and ventricular systole and atrial and ventricular diastole.

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13
Q

Define: mean arterial pressure

A

Average blood pressure over the course of the cardiac cycle (blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood against the blood vessel walls)

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14
Q

Know the events that occur when taking blood pressure and how to take blood pressure.

A

We use a sphygomomanometer to test blood pressure. The sleeve inflates and blocks the brachial artery. the sleeve than slowly reduces pressure, and when the blood pressure is greater than that of the cuff, blood flows back in. We listen for the flow of blood with a stethoscope.

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15
Q

What effect does exercise have on blood pressure, heart rate and pulse rate?

A

Raises all three

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16
Q

What heart sounds can you easily hear using a stethoscope? To what events do these heart sounds correspond?

A

Lubb - the first sound, longer and louder. occurs when blood turbulence from the closure fo the two atrioventricular valves at ventricular systole.

Dupp - the second sound, occurs at ventricular diastole when the two semilunar valves close

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17
Q

What effect does stress have on blood pressure, heart rate and pulse rate?

A

raises all three

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18
Q

What effect does the autonomic nervous system have on blood pressure, heart rate and pulse rate?

A

sympathetic ANS - raises HR, BP, and PR

parasympathetic ANS - lowers HR, BP, and PR

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19
Q

What is normal blood pressure? High Blood pressure?

A

Normal blood pressure (110/70)

High blood pressure (140/90)

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20
Q

Define: normal sinus rhythm

A

a normal heart rate, 60 to 100 beats/min

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21
Q

Define: tachycardia

A

A heart rate above 100 beat/min

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22
Q

Define: bradycardia

A

a heart rate below 60 beats/min

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23
Q

Define: ventricular fibrillation

A

rapid, uncoordinated heart contractions that do not pump blood

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24
Q

Know the pathway that air flows through the respiratory system from the nose to the alveoli.

A
  • Air enters the nostrils
  • passes through the nasopharynx,
  • the oropharynx
  • through the glottis
  • into the trachea
  • into the right and left bronchi, which branches and -rebranches into bronchioles, each of which terminates in a cluster of alveoli
  • Only in the alveoli does actual gas exchange takes place.
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25
Q

Know the cartilages of the larynx and their functions.

A

3 single cartilages (thyroid, epiglottis and cricoid)
3 paired cartilages (arytenoid, cuneiform and
corniculate)

thyroid cartilage: Adam’s apple made of hyaline cartilage
Epiglottis: closes over the glottis during swallowing so that we don’t breath in food
Cricoid: ring of cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage: the vocal cords attach via small muscles to this.

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26
Q

Know the components of the bronchial tree and be able to identify them on a model or a diagram.

A

Trachea => Primary bronchi => Secondary bronchi => tertiary bronchi => bronchioles => terminal bronchioles

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27
Q

Know the different types of epithelia as you pass from the nasal membrane to the alveoli and how structure relates to function.
You need to be able to identify these epithelia and state a location for each.

A

TBD

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28
Q

.What is the purpose of goblet cells in the respiratory system?

A

TBD

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29
Q

What is the purpose of cilia in the respiratory system?

A

TBD

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30
Q

What type of epithelia is ideal for gas exchange in th respiratory system?

A

TBD

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31
Q

Known the function and effect on thoracic dimensions of the following muscles:
External intercostals

A

TBD

32
Q

Known the function and effect on thoracic dimensions of the following muscles:
internal intercostals

A

TBD

33
Q

Known the function and effect on thoracic dimensions of the following muscles: sternocleidomastoids

A

TBD

34
Q

Known the function and effect on thoracic dimensions of the following muscles:
scalenes

A

TBD

35
Q

Known the function and effect on thoracic dimensions of the following muscles:
pectoralis minor

A

TBD

36
Q

Known the function and effect on thoracic dimensions of the following muscles:
diaphragm

A

TBD

37
Q

Known the function and effect on thoracic dimensions of the following muscles:
abdominal muscles.

A

TBD

38
Q

Define: pulmonary ventilation

A

TBD

39
Q

Define: breathing

A

TBD

40
Q

Define: external respiration

A

TBD

41
Q

Define: internal respiration.

A

TBD

42
Q

Where is the pleural cavity?

A

TBD

43
Q

What is intrapleural pressure?

A

TBD

44
Q

What is the alveolar pressure?

A

TBD

45
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

Understand how these pressures relate during inspiration and expiration?

A

TBD

46
Q

What is stated by Boyle’s Law?

A

TBD

47
Q

What effect does higher carbon dioxide content have on blood pH?

A

TBD

48
Q

What effect does exercise have on carbon dioxide production and hence on blood pH?

A

TBD

49
Q

Define aerobic capacity. How did we measure aerobic capacity (VO2max)? What units were used to express aerobic capacity?

A

TBD. McArdle-Katch Bench Stepping Test

50
Q

If you are fitter, would you expect your aerobic capacity to be higher or lower than when you are unfit?

A

TBD

51
Q

If you are fitter, would you expect your resting pulse rate to be higher or lower than when you are unfit?

A

TBD

52
Q

If you are fitter, would you expect your pulse rate to increase faster or slower than when you are unfit?

A

TBD

53
Q

What physiological changes occur in your body when you undergo a fitness-training regime?

A

TBD

54
Q

Why is it important to design a training plan that is appropriate for your level of fitness?

A

TBD

55
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major arteries of the ascending aorta and aortic arch :
Coronary arteries

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

56
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major arteries of the ascending aorta and aortic arch :
Ascending aorta

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

57
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major arteries of the ascending aorta and aortic arch :
Brachiocephalic trunk

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

58
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major arteries of the ascending aorta and aortic arch :
Subclavian arteries

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

59
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major arteries of the ascending aorta and aortic arch :
Common carotid arteries

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

60
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Arteries Supplying the Head:
External carotid

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

61
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Arteries Supplying the Head:
Internal carotid

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

62
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Arteries Supplying the Head:
Vertebral arteries

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

63
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Arteries Supplying the Head:
Basilar artery

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

64
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Arteries Supplying the Head:
Cerebral arterial circle
(Circle of Willis)

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

65
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Arteries of the Upper Extremities:
Subclavian arteries

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

66
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Arteries of the Upper Extremities:
Axillary arteries

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

67
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Arteries of the Upper Extremities:
Brachial arteries

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

68
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Arteries of the Upper Extremities:
Radial arteries

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

69
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Arteries of the Upper Extremities:
Ulnar artery

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

70
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Artery of the Pelvis and Lower Extremities:
Femoral Arteries

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

71
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Veins of the Head and Neck:
Vertebral Veins

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

72
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Veins of the Head and Neck:
Internal Jugular veins

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

73
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Veins of the Head and Neck:
Subclavian veins

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

74
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Veins of the Head and Neck:
Brachiocephalic veins

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

75
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Vein of the Upper Extremities:
Median cubital veins (used to draw blood from the arm)

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

76
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Veins of the Lower Extremities:
Femoral Veins

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

77
Q

Know the location and region of body supplied.
Major Veins of the Lower Extremities:
Great saphenous veins

A

Location:

Region of the Body supplied:

Bio 40B (12 decks)

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