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Mammalian Physiology 318 > Lab Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Your foot is ____ compared to your knee.

A

inferior

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2
Q

Your nose is ____ to your mouth.

A

superior

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3
Q

Your vertebrae is ___ to your shoulder blades.

A

medial

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4
Q

Explain the differences between superior/inferior and proximal/distal.

A
  • superior/inferior is above/below when moving along the axis of the body in anatomical position
  • proximal/distal is closer/further from point of attachment
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5
Q

Are the terms superior and proximal interchangeable? Why or why not?

A

No
Superior is above the axis of the body when in anatomical position
Proximal is closer to the point of attachment

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6
Q

Contrast simple squamous epithelium with stratified squamous epithelium. Provide a representative example of each.

A
  • Simple squamous epithelium has a single cell layer. Found in pericardial cavities
  • Stratified squamous epithelium contains several cell layers. Found in the outermost layer of the skin
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7
Q

What is the difference between simple columnar epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Simple columnar epithelium has only one cell layer while pseudostratified columnar epithelium has a single layer of cells that histologically appears as multiple layers evades the nuclei are arranged at different height.

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8
Q

How would you characterize the cell to matrix ratio for connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue has a sparse amount of cells and contains an extensive amount of extracellular matrix consisting of protein fibers, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans.

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9
Q

Functionally, would it be better to have simple squamous epithelium or stratified cuboidal epithelium lining the alveoli of lungs? Why?

A

Simple squamous epithelium because there is rapid diffusion of gases between the capillaries and the alveoli, so a very thin lining is needed. Alveoli use simple squamous epithelium so that gases can easily diffuse to and for the bloodstream.

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10
Q

Which muscle type have striations? Which do not?

A
  • Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle have striations

- Smooth muscle does not have striations

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11
Q

Neurons are not the dominate cell type within nervous tissue. What cells dominate this tissue type?

A

Neuroglia (glial) cells

-Supporting cells that provide physical support, move debris, and provide electrical insulation

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12
Q

What is the class and function(s) of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Epithelial

  • diffusion
  • filtration
  • secretion (serous membranes)
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13
Q

What is the class and function(s) of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Epithelial

  • absorption
  • secretion
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14
Q

What is the class and function(s) of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Epithelial

  • Absorption
  • Secretion

(e.g., mucin)

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15
Q

What is the class and function(s) of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

A

Epithelial

  • protection
  • secretion (mucin) and movement of mucus, cells, and particles
  • mucus secreted by goblet cells
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16
Q

What is the class and function(s) of stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized)?

A

Epithelial

-protection of underlying tissue

17
Q

What is the class and function(s) of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Epithelial

-protection (ie, lining of duct)

18
Q

What is the class and function(s) of transitional epithelium (urothelium)?

A

Epithelial

-accommodates distention and relaxation with changes in urinary volume

19
Q

What is the class and function(s) of areolar connective tissue?

A

Connective

  • substances of connective tissue that supports and binds cells and fibers
  • facilitates diffusion of gases, electrolytes, nutrients, and cellular waste products between cells and vasculature
  • barrier to macromolecules
20
Q

What is the class and function(s) of reticular connective tissue?

A

Connective

  • substances of connective tissue that supports and binds cells and fibers
  • facilitates diffusion of gases, electrolytes, nutrients, and cellular waste products between cells and vasculature
  • barrier to macromolecules
21
Q

What is the class and function(s) of dense regular connective tissue?

A

connective

  • substances of connective tissue that supports and binds cells and fibers
  • facilitates diffusion of gases, electrolytes, nutrients, and cellular waste products between cells and vasculature
  • barrier to macromolecules
22
Q

What is the class and function(s) of dense irregular connective tissue?

A

connective

  • substances of connective tissue that supports and binds cells and fibers
  • facilitates diffusion of gases, electrolytes, nutrients, and cellular waste products between cells and vasculature
  • barrier to macromolecules
23
Q

What is the class and function(s) of adipose tissue?

A

connective

  • fat storage
  • contributes to breast size and shape
  • support for mammary glands
24
Q

What is the class and function(s) of compact bone?

A

connective

-protection and strength to bones

25
Q

What is the class and function(s) of spongy bone?

A

Connective

-provides balance to the compact bone by making bones lighter so that muscles can move them more easily

26
Q

What is the class and function(s) of blood?

A

connective

-transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from tissues of the body

27
Q

What is the class and function(s) of motor neuron?

A

Nervous

-conducts efferent impulses (i.e., away from cell body)

28
Q

What is the class and function(s) of skeletal muscle?

A

muscular

  • movement (e.g., walking)
  • maintenance of posture
  • communication (e.g., facial expressions)
  • body functions including respiration, circulation, digestion, deification, urination, and childbirth
  • temperature regulation (e.g., up to 85% of body heat from skeletal muscle)
29
Q

What is the class and function(s) of cardiac muscle?

A

muscular

  • involuntary contraction of myocardium
  • contraction may be modulated by autonomic nervous system
30
Q

What is the class and function(s) of smooth muscle?

A

muscular

  • helps with digestion and nutrient collection
  • helps to rid the body of toxins and works in electrolyte balance

Mammalian Physiology 318 (11 decks)

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