Lab Quiz 1 Flashcards
Your foot is ____ compared to your knee.
inferior
Your nose is ____ to your mouth.
superior
Your vertebrae is ___ to your shoulder blades.
medial
Explain the differences between superior/inferior and proximal/distal.
- superior/inferior is above/below when moving along the axis of the body in anatomical position
- proximal/distal is closer/further from point of attachment
Are the terms superior and proximal interchangeable? Why or why not?
No
Superior is above the axis of the body when in anatomical position
Proximal is closer to the point of attachment
Contrast simple squamous epithelium with stratified squamous epithelium. Provide a representative example of each.
- Simple squamous epithelium has a single cell layer. Found in pericardial cavities
- Stratified squamous epithelium contains several cell layers. Found in the outermost layer of the skin
What is the difference between simple columnar epithelium and pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Simple columnar epithelium has only one cell layer while pseudostratified columnar epithelium has a single layer of cells that histologically appears as multiple layers evades the nuclei are arranged at different height.
How would you characterize the cell to matrix ratio for connective tissue?
Connective tissue has a sparse amount of cells and contains an extensive amount of extracellular matrix consisting of protein fibers, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans.
Functionally, would it be better to have simple squamous epithelium or stratified cuboidal epithelium lining the alveoli of lungs? Why?
Simple squamous epithelium because there is rapid diffusion of gases between the capillaries and the alveoli, so a very thin lining is needed. Alveoli use simple squamous epithelium so that gases can easily diffuse to and for the bloodstream.
Which muscle type have striations? Which do not?
- Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle have striations
- Smooth muscle does not have striations
Neurons are not the dominate cell type within nervous tissue. What cells dominate this tissue type?
Neuroglia (glial) cells
-Supporting cells that provide physical support, move debris, and provide electrical insulation
What is the class and function(s) of simple squamous epithelium?
Epithelial
- diffusion
- filtration
- secretion (serous membranes)
What is the class and function(s) of simple cuboidal epithelium?
Epithelial
- absorption
- secretion
What is the class and function(s) of simple columnar epithelium?
Epithelial
- Absorption
- Secretion
(e.g., mucin)
What is the class and function(s) of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?
Epithelial
- protection
- secretion (mucin) and movement of mucus, cells, and particles
- mucus secreted by goblet cells
What is the class and function(s) of stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized)?
Epithelial
-protection of underlying tissue
What is the class and function(s) of stratified cuboidal epithelium?
Epithelial
-protection (ie, lining of duct)
What is the class and function(s) of transitional epithelium (urothelium)?
Epithelial
-accommodates distention and relaxation with changes in urinary volume
What is the class and function(s) of areolar connective tissue?
Connective
- substances of connective tissue that supports and binds cells and fibers
- facilitates diffusion of gases, electrolytes, nutrients, and cellular waste products between cells and vasculature
- barrier to macromolecules
What is the class and function(s) of reticular connective tissue?
Connective
- substances of connective tissue that supports and binds cells and fibers
- facilitates diffusion of gases, electrolytes, nutrients, and cellular waste products between cells and vasculature
- barrier to macromolecules
What is the class and function(s) of dense regular connective tissue?
connective
- substances of connective tissue that supports and binds cells and fibers
- facilitates diffusion of gases, electrolytes, nutrients, and cellular waste products between cells and vasculature
- barrier to macromolecules
What is the class and function(s) of dense irregular connective tissue?
connective
- substances of connective tissue that supports and binds cells and fibers
- facilitates diffusion of gases, electrolytes, nutrients, and cellular waste products between cells and vasculature
- barrier to macromolecules
What is the class and function(s) of adipose tissue?
connective
- fat storage
- contributes to breast size and shape
- support for mammary glands
What is the class and function(s) of compact bone?
connective
-protection and strength to bones
What is the class and function(s) of spongy bone?
Connective
-provides balance to the compact bone by making bones lighter so that muscles can move them more easily
What is the class and function(s) of blood?
connective
-transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from tissues of the body
What is the class and function(s) of motor neuron?
Nervous
-conducts efferent impulses (i.e., away from cell body)
What is the class and function(s) of skeletal muscle?
muscular
- movement (e.g., walking)
- maintenance of posture
- communication (e.g., facial expressions)
- body functions including respiration, circulation, digestion, deification, urination, and childbirth
- temperature regulation (e.g., up to 85% of body heat from skeletal muscle)
What is the class and function(s) of cardiac muscle?
muscular
- involuntary contraction of myocardium
- contraction may be modulated by autonomic nervous system
What is the class and function(s) of smooth muscle?
muscular
- helps with digestion and nutrient collection
- helps to rid the body of toxins and works in electrolyte balance
