Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mammalian Physiology 318 > Endocrine System (2) > Flashcards

Endocrine System (2) Flashcards

Exam 2

1
Q

What is the endocrine system made up of?

A

glands
tissues
cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do glands/tissues/cells do?

A

secrete hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

communication and coordination is critical for ___

A

homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 5 things the endocrine system regulates?

A
  • growth and development
  • metabolism
  • water balance
  • reproduction
  • stress responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Endocrine glands are traditional sources of ____

A

hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are hormones?

A
  • chemical messengers
  • secreted into blood
  • target cells (specific receptors)
  • distant organs or cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is endocrinology?

A

study of endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A
  • ducts
  • epithelial surface or mucosa
  • extracellular effects (food digestion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A
  • ductless, release into blood

- intracellular effects (cell metabolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are characteristics of the nervous system?

A
  • chemical and electrical signals
  • neurotransmitters at synapse
  • starts and stops quickly
  • targets specific organ
  • usually local, specific effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Characteristics of endocrine system?

A
  • chemical signals only
  • hormones into the blood
  • slower to start and stop
  • hormones go everywhere
  • typically general, widespread effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are neuroendocrine cells?

A

don’t exclusively categorize as neurons or gland cells

-like neurons but release secretions into bloodstream (hormones secreted by specialized neurons such as oxytocin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What regulates each other and coordinates activities?

A
  • neurons influence hormone secretion

- hormones stimulate/inhibit neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the hypothalamus and pituitary gland do?

A
  • regulates more functions than any other gland
  • function of other endocrine glands dependent on signals from hypothalamus/pituitary
  • important link in neural and hormonal regulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What “fundamental functions” does the hypothalamus regulate?

A
  • water balance
  • libido and childbirth
  • hunger
  • circadian rhythm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The hypothalamus functions through the ____ ____

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the infundibulum?

A

suspends pituitary from hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two structures of the pituitary?

A
  1. Anterior Pituitary (anterior lobe)

2. Posterior Pituitary (posterior lobe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Two facts about the anterior pituitary?

A
  • 3/4s of pituitary

- origin: pouch in roof of embryonic pharynx (throat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Two facts about the posterior pituitary?

A
  • down-growth from brain (hypothalamus)

- retains connection to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary?

A

a network fo small blood vessels

22
Q

What is the hypophyseal portal system?

A

Blood flows from one capillary bed to another (rare)

  • hypothalamus sends chemical signals (hormones) into primary capillaries
  • travel a short distance (portal venules) to anterior pituitary
  • leave bloodstream through secondary capillary network (stimulate or inhibit anterior pituitary
23
Q

Hypothalamic hormones regulate anterior pituitary cells by….

A

hypothalamic- resealing and -inhibiting hormones

24
Q

What happens between the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary?

A
  • controlled by hypothalamic nuclei
  • neurosomas produce hormones
  • nerve cell axons to infundibulum to posterior lobe
25
Q

True or False

nerve tissues is a true gland

A

False

nerve tissue is not a true gland

26
Q

How many hormones are produced by the hypothalamus?

A

Eight

27
Q

How many hormones regulate the anterior pituitary?

A

six

28
Q

What do releasing hormones do?

A

-stimulate anterior pituitary to secrete hormones

29
Q

What do inhibiting hormones do?

A

-suppress pituitary output

30
Q

What two hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary?

A
  • oxytocin

- antidiuretic hormone

31
Q

What are the six hormones synthesized by the anterior pituitary?

A
  1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  2. Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
  3. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
  4. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
  5. Prolactin (PRL)
  6. Growth Hormone (GH)
32
Q

What does FSH do?

A
  • stimulates maturation of follicles containing eggs

- stimulates production of sperm

33
Q

What does LH do?

A
  • stimulates ovulation

- testes to secrete testosterone

34
Q

What does TSH do?

A

-stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete the thyroid hormone

35
Q

What does ACTH do?

A

-stimulates adrenal cortex

36
Q

What does PRL do?

A

-stimulates mammary glands to synthesize milk (after birth)

37
Q

What does GH do?

A
  • promotes tissue growth
  • -mobilizes energy from fat
  • -raises levels of electrolytes
  • -stimulates protein synthesis, mitosis, and cellular differentiation
38
Q

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulates the secretion of ___

A

ACTH

39
Q

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates the secretion of ___

A

TSH (and PRL)

40
Q

Growth Hormone- releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates the secretion of ___

A

GH

41
Q

Somatostatin (SST) inhibits the secretion of ___

A

GH (and TSH)

42
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the secretion of ___

A

LH and FSH

43
Q

Dopamine (DA)/ prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) inhibits the secretion of ___

A

PRL

44
Q

Negative Feedback Inhibition Example

A

Chain of signals in TH release:

  1. hypothalamus secretes TRH to stimulate pituitary
  2. pituitary secretes TSH to stimulate thyroid
  3. thyroid responds by secreting TH
  4. TH
    - feedback to both hypothalamus and pituitary
    - reduce TRH and TSH
    - keeps thyroid hormone in check
45
Q

What two hormones are released when hypothalamic neurons are stimulated?

A 
Oxytocin (OT)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

(both are stored and released by the posterior pituitary)

46
Q

Yes or No

Does the posterior pituitary synthesize OT and ADH?

A

No

47
Q

What does Oxytocin (OT) do?

A

-stimulates uterine smooth muscle contractions

contractions during labor and within mammary glands

48
Q

What does the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do?

A

regulates fluid balance

-stimulates kidneys to retina water/reduce urine output

49
Q

What do neuroendocrine reflexes do?

A

release of hormones in response to nerve signals

50
Q

True and False

oxytocin is a positive feedback control

A

True

Mammalian Physiology 318 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions