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Mammalian Physiology 318 > Autonomic Nervous System (2) > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System (2) Flashcards

Exam 2

1
Q

Central Nervous System information

A
  • brain and spinal cord

- integrative function

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System information

A
  • nerves leading to/from CNS
  • pathway of signal input/output
  • connects CNS to: sense organs, muscles, and glands
  • two divisions
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3
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS?

A
  1. Afferent (sensory) - somatic and visceral divisions

2. Efferent (motor) - somatic and autonomic division

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4
Q

Spinal Cord info

A
  • cylinder of nervous tissue
  • enclosed in vertebral canal
  • foramen magnum to first lumbar vertebra
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5
Q

What are the regions of the spinal cord and why are are they named what they are?

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • columnar
  • sacral

(named for where the spinal nerves emerge

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6
Q

Posterior (dorsal) horns definition

A

receiving points for sensory information

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7
Q

Lateral Horns Definition

A

location of somas of somatic motor neurons exiting gray matter

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8
Q

Somatic Nervous System definition

A

voluntary control of movements

controls skeletal muscle and includes somatic reflexes

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9
Q

Autonomic Nervous System definition

A

involuntary control system

controls visceral functions and visceral reflexes

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10
Q

Autonomic Nervous system is self-governed and includes….

A

glands, cardiac and smooth muscle, cutaneous blood vessels, sweat glands, and pilorector muscles

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11
Q

Visceral Motor Division information

A
  • not somatic
  • generally involuntary
  • not necessary to function (modify based on need)
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12
Q

Visceral Reflexes are needed to ____

A

survive

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13
Q

Visceral reflexes include basal functions. What are basal functions?

A

unconscious, automatic, stereotyped responses

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14
Q

Unconscious processes are used to bring things back to _____

A

homeostasis

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15
Q

What are the steps to the visceral reflex of when you have high blood pressure?

A
  1. Receptor: stretch receptors
  2. Afferent (Sensory): cranial nerve to the medulla oblongata
  3. Integration: information integrated with other information (sensory) fibers
  4. Efferent (Motor): carry response (vagus nerve) to effector
  5. Effector: heart told to slow down which leads to blood pressure being reduced

(restores blood pressure to normal)

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16
Q

What are the two divisions of the ANS?

A
  1. Sympathetic Division

2. Parasympathetic Division

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17
Q

What does the sympathetic division do?

A

“fight or flight”

adapts for physical activity

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18
Q

What does the parasympathetic division do?

A

“rest and digest”

controls normal body maintenance

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19
Q

_____ effects on some targets; ____ effects on others

A

excitatory

inhibitory

20
Q

Autonomic Tone definition

A

balance shifts with changing needs of body

21
Q

CNS Components:

A
  • control centers: hypothalamus and brain stem

- motor neurons: spinal cord

22
Q

PNS Components:

A

nerve fibers: cranial/spinal

23
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Swelling, usually near end of nerve

24
Q

What does a ganglion contain?

A

contains cell bodies of peripheral neurons

25
Q

In some ganglions: neurons form synaptic connections and act as ____ ____ in the PNS

A

information processing

26
Q

Somatic Pathway Definition

A

axon of motor neuron in brainstem/spinal cord reaches directly to skeletal muscle (myelinated axon)

27
Q

Autonomic Pathway Definition

A

signal must travel across two pathways:

  1. Preganglionic neuron
  2. Postganglionic Neuron
28
Q

All (efferent) sympathetic ____ fibers from the thoracic and first two lumbar segments of the spinal cord (_____ region [division])

A

preganglionic

thorocolumbar

29
Q

Which fibers in the sympathetic division are short?

A

preganglionic fibers

30
Q

Which fibers in the sympathetic division are long?

A

postganglionic fibers

31
Q

Paravertebral Ganglion definition

A

connected to spinal nerves via two branches: communicating rami

32
Q

Preganglionic Fibers information

A
  • myelinated

- enter ganglia through white communicating rami

33
Q

Postganglionic Fibers information

A
  • unmyelinated

- leave ganglia via gray communicating rami

34
Q

What are the three steps once preganglionic fibers enter the sympathetic chain?

A
  1. end in ganglion: synapse with postganglionic neuron
  2. travel up and down: synapse with postganglionic neurons at different levels
  3. Pass through chain without synapsing (splanchnic nerves)
35
Q

What are the three ways postganglionic fibers leave the sympathetic chain?

A
  1. Spinal Nerves
  2. Sympathetic Nerve Route
  3. Splanchnic Nerve Route
36
Q

Origin of CNS in sympathetic

A

thoracolumbar

37
Q

Origin of CNS in parasympathetic

A

craniosacral

38
Q

location of ganglia in sympathetic

A

paravertebral ganglia adjacent to spinal column and prevertebral ganglia

39
Q

location of ganglia in parasympathetic

A

terminal ganglia near or within target organs

40
Q

fiber lengths in sympathetic

A

short preganglionic

long postganglionic

41
Q

fiber lengths in parasympathetic

A

long preganglionic

short postganglionic

42
Q

Neuronal divergence in sympathetic

A

extensive

43
Q

neural divergence in parasympathetic

A

minimal

44
Q

effects of system in sympathetic

A

often widespread and general

45
Q

effects of system in parasympathetic

A

more local and specific

Mammalian Physiology 318 (11 decks)

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