Lab Practical 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the dominant life stage in liverworts and mosses?
A
-Gametophty which is haploid (n)
2
Q
The sporophyte of ACROCARPOUS mosses:
A
-emerges from the apex of the upright ramet stem
3
Q
The sporophyte of the PLUEROCARPOUS mosses:
A
- are prostrate, forming freely branched mats
- arise on short, lateral branches or buds of the gametophyte
4
Q
Bryophytes are poikliohydric, meaning:
A
the environment controls state of hydration
5
Q
Bryophytes never form:
A
xylem tissue, or true vascular tissue
6
Q
The synapomorphy of the moss group Bryopside is the presence of:
A
peristome teeth
7
Q
Growth form:
A
- genetically determined
- acrocarps
- pleurocarps
- ramet
8
Q
Life form:
A
- environmentally determined
- turf
- mat
- weft
- dendroid
- colonial assemblage
9
Q
Liverwort characteristics
A
- Elator cells
- leaves in flattened rows or ranks
10
Q
Mosses characteristics
A
- leaves spirally arranged
- leaf costa
- peristome teeth
11
Q
characteristics of both mosses and liverworts
A
-Rhizoids
12
Q
Four classes of moss
A
- Sphagnopsida
- Andreaeopsida
- Polytrichopsida
- Bryopsida
13
Q
Sphagnopsida
A
-5 part mop like head
14
Q
Andreaopsida
A
Habitat=rocks
15
Q
Bryopsida
A
- 95% of diversity in mosses
- true mosses
- peristome teeth
16
Q
Acrocarpous growth forms
A
- cushion
- short turf
- tall turf
17
Q
Pleurocarpous forms
A
- Dendroid
- weft
- rough mat
- smooth mat
18
Q
characteristics of Seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms:
A
- true vascular tissues with xylem and phloem
- reproduce with spores
- sporophyte is dominant
19
Q
Club mosses and ferns spread asexually through:
A
rhizomes
20
Q
Lycopodiophyta include the
A
club and spike mosses
21
Q
characteristics of lycopodiophyta
A
- transverse dehiscence of sporangia
- sporophylls bear sporangia
- strobili are terminal cones
22
Q
Synapomorphy of lycopodiophyta
A
mycrophyll
23
Q
Characteristics of club moss
A
- Rhizomes
- Homosporous
- Spores have high fat content and large surface area per volume
- flammable
24
Q
Homosporous
A
spores that aren’t differentiated by sex
25
heterosporous
two types of spores
26
megaspores
female gametophytes
27
microspores
male gametophytes
28
Spike moss characteristics
- Heterosporus
- Megaspores and microspores
- Both spores produced in same strobilus but in different sporangia
29
Polypodiophya
horsetails and ferns
30
What are ancestors of horsetails
calamites
31
Synapomorphy of polypodiophyta
-helical thickening of the sporangial wall
32
what is the oldest surviving genus of plants on earth
-polypodiophyta
33
Frond
the whole fern leaf: blade and stalk
34
Blade
the expanded leafy part of the frond
35
Axis (rachis)
the stalk within the blade
36
Pinna (leaflet)
a primary division of the blade
37
Fiddlehead (Crozier)
an uncurling frond
38
Advantages of seeds:
- Protection
- Nutrition
- Dispersal
- Water is no longer required for sperm to reach egg
39
Gymnosperms studied
- Cycadophyta
- Gingkophyta
- Gnetophya
- Conifers
40
Ginkgos have ____ leaves
Deciduous
41
Identifying feature of ginkgo
spur shoots
42
Strobilus
a tight cluster of sporophylls
43
Ancient relative of modern day lycopodiophyta
lepidodendron
44
ancient relative of modern day equisetidae
calamites
45
Flap of tissue that covers the sorus
indusium
46
Homosporous
club mosses
47
Heterosporous
spike mosses
| gymnosperms
48
how do both ferns and club mosses spread vegetatively?
growth of rhizomes
49
The _____ is the end of a pine cone scale
umbo
50
when is an umbo armed?
when there is a prickle on it
51
Apophysis
the exposed part of a closed cone
52
Adaptations of conifers
- Flexible branches the bend with weight of snow
- Dense foliage to maximize photosynthetic surface
- seed fertilization without water
- conduct photosynthesis under low temps
53
______ provide a reliable water supply
| adaption for conifers
Tracheids
54
Special confier adaptations to fire
- Thick bark
- Serotinous cones
- Shedding of lower branches resulting in higher crowns
55
Cupressaceae
cypress or cedar family
56
genus in the family cupressaceae with dimorphic foliage
Juniperus
57
genus in the family Pinaceae with deciduous foliage
Larix
58
Genus in the family Pinaceae with needles in groups of 2, 3, or 5
Pinus
59
Genus within the family Pinaceae with individual needles on sterigmata
Piceae
60
Genus within the family Pinaceae with individual flatted, aromatic needles
Abies
61
Genus within the family cuppressaceae with flower like cones that remain on the branches
Thuja
62
Genus within the family cupressaceae with peltate cones
Chamaecyparis
63
Genus within the family pinaceae with cones with an apophysis
Pinus
64
Genus within the family Pinaceae with cones with deciduous scales
Abies
65
Genus within the family Pinaceae with cones with exerted bracts
Psudotsuga
66
synapomorphies of angiosperms
- flowers present
- closed carpels
- reduced male and female gametophytes
- stames with two paris of pollen sacs
67
Monocot
- leaves have multiples of 3
- leaf venation is parallel
- secondary growth is rare
- vascular tissue in the stem is dispersed
68
Edicot
- Leaves are multiples of 4-5
- net like leaf venation
- secondary growth is common
- vascular tissue in stem
69
Spring Ephemerals
- Ecological specialists
- Act early and quick before they're shaded out
- pollinated by bee specialists and ants that are bribed with elaiosome
70
Aquatic Plants
- -Leaves float for photosynthesis
- Roots anchor
- Water supports the plant
- Air filled cavities called parenchyma for gas exchange
71
Poaceae (grasses)
- Most economically important plant family
- Monocot
- Essential to our survival (wheat, corn, rice, barley, sugar cane)
- grasses grow from the base of the blade allowing them to survive grazing or mowing
72
Asters
- Capitulum
| - Floret
73
Capitulum
-cluster of many flowers in an aster
74
Floret
-the two types of flowers in a capitulum
