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Diversity of Life > Lab Practical 2 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dominant life stage in liverworts and mosses?

A

-Gametophty which is haploid (n)

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2
Q

The sporophyte of ACROCARPOUS mosses:

A

-emerges from the apex of the upright ramet stem

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3
Q

The sporophyte of the PLUEROCARPOUS mosses:

A
  • are prostrate, forming freely branched mats

- arise on short, lateral branches or buds of the gametophyte

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4
Q

Bryophytes are poikliohydric, meaning:

A

the environment controls state of hydration

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5
Q

Bryophytes never form:

A

xylem tissue, or true vascular tissue

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6
Q

The synapomorphy of the moss group Bryopside is the presence of:

A

peristome teeth

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7
Q

Growth form:

A
  • genetically determined
  • acrocarps
  • pleurocarps
  • ramet
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8
Q

Life form:

A
  • environmentally determined
  • turf
  • mat
  • weft
  • dendroid
  • colonial assemblage
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9
Q

Liverwort characteristics

A
  • Elator cells

- leaves in flattened rows or ranks

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10
Q

Mosses characteristics

A
  • leaves spirally arranged
  • leaf costa
  • peristome teeth
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11
Q

characteristics of both mosses and liverworts

A

-Rhizoids

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12
Q

Four classes of moss

A
  • Sphagnopsida
  • Andreaeopsida
  • Polytrichopsida
  • Bryopsida
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13
Q

Sphagnopsida

A

-5 part mop like head

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14
Q

Andreaopsida

A

Habitat=rocks

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15
Q

Bryopsida

A
  • 95% of diversity in mosses
  • true mosses
  • peristome teeth
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16
Q

Acrocarpous growth forms

A
  • cushion
  • short turf
  • tall turf
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17
Q

Pleurocarpous forms

A
  • Dendroid
  • weft
  • rough mat
  • smooth mat
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18
Q

characteristics of Seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms:

A
  • true vascular tissues with xylem and phloem
  • reproduce with spores
  • sporophyte is dominant
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19
Q

Club mosses and ferns spread asexually through:

A

rhizomes

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20
Q

Lycopodiophyta include the

A

club and spike mosses

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21
Q

characteristics of lycopodiophyta

A
  • transverse dehiscence of sporangia
  • sporophylls bear sporangia
  • strobili are terminal cones
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22
Q

Synapomorphy of lycopodiophyta

A

mycrophyll

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23
Q

Characteristics of club moss

A
  • Rhizomes
  • Homosporous
  • Spores have high fat content and large surface area per volume
  • flammable
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24
Q

Homosporous

A

spores that aren’t differentiated by sex

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25
Q

heterosporous

A

two types of spores

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26
Q

megaspores

A

female gametophytes

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27
Q

microspores

A

male gametophytes

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28
Q

Spike moss characteristics

A
  • Heterosporus
  • Megaspores and microspores
  • Both spores produced in same strobilus but in different sporangia
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29
Q

Polypodiophya

A

horsetails and ferns

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30
Q

What are ancestors of horsetails

A

calamites

31
Q

Synapomorphy of polypodiophyta

A

-helical thickening of the sporangial wall

32
Q

what is the oldest surviving genus of plants on earth

A

-polypodiophyta

33
Q

Frond

A

the whole fern leaf: blade and stalk

34
Q

Blade

A

the expanded leafy part of the frond

35
Q

Axis (rachis)

A

the stalk within the blade

36
Q

Pinna (leaflet)

A

a primary division of the blade

37
Q

Fiddlehead (Crozier)

A

an uncurling frond

38
Q

Advantages of seeds:

A
  • Protection
  • Nutrition
  • Dispersal
  • Water is no longer required for sperm to reach egg
39
Q

Gymnosperms studied

A
  • Cycadophyta
  • Gingkophyta
  • Gnetophya
  • Conifers
40
Q

Ginkgos have ____ leaves

A

Deciduous

41
Q

Identifying feature of ginkgo

A

spur shoots

42
Q

Strobilus

A

a tight cluster of sporophylls

43
Q

Ancient relative of modern day lycopodiophyta

A

lepidodendron

44
Q

ancient relative of modern day equisetidae

A

calamites

45
Q

Flap of tissue that covers the sorus

A

indusium

46
Q

Homosporous

A

club mosses

47
Q

Heterosporous

A

spike mosses

gymnosperms

48
Q

how do both ferns and club mosses spread vegetatively?

A

growth of rhizomes

49
Q

The _____ is the end of a pine cone scale

A

umbo

50
Q

when is an umbo armed?

A

when there is a prickle on it

51
Q

Apophysis

A

the exposed part of a closed cone

52
Q

Adaptations of conifers

A
  • Flexible branches the bend with weight of snow
  • Dense foliage to maximize photosynthetic surface
  • seed fertilization without water
  • conduct photosynthesis under low temps
53
Q

______ provide a reliable water supply

adaption for conifers

A

Tracheids

54
Q

Special confier adaptations to fire

A
  • Thick bark
  • Serotinous cones
  • Shedding of lower branches resulting in higher crowns
55
Q

Cupressaceae

A

cypress or cedar family

56
Q

genus in the family cupressaceae with dimorphic foliage

A

Juniperus

57
Q

genus in the family Pinaceae with deciduous foliage

A

Larix

58
Q

Genus in the family Pinaceae with needles in groups of 2, 3, or 5

A

Pinus

59
Q

Genus within the family Pinaceae with individual needles on sterigmata

A

Piceae

60
Q

Genus within the family Pinaceae with individual flatted, aromatic needles

A

Abies

61
Q

Genus within the family cuppressaceae with flower like cones that remain on the branches

A

Thuja

62
Q

Genus within the family cupressaceae with peltate cones

A

Chamaecyparis

63
Q

Genus within the family pinaceae with cones with an apophysis

A

Pinus

64
Q

Genus within the family Pinaceae with cones with deciduous scales

A

Abies

65
Q

Genus within the family Pinaceae with cones with exerted bracts

A

Psudotsuga

66
Q

synapomorphies of angiosperms

A
  • flowers present
  • closed carpels
  • reduced male and female gametophytes
  • stames with two paris of pollen sacs
67
Q

Monocot

A
  • leaves have multiples of 3
  • leaf venation is parallel
  • secondary growth is rare
  • vascular tissue in the stem is dispersed
68
Q

Edicot

A
  • Leaves are multiples of 4-5
  • net like leaf venation
  • secondary growth is common
  • vascular tissue in stem
69
Q

Spring Ephemerals

A
  • Ecological specialists
  • Act early and quick before they’re shaded out
  • pollinated by bee specialists and ants that are bribed with elaiosome
70
Q

Aquatic Plants

A
  • -Leaves float for photosynthesis
  • Roots anchor
  • Water supports the plant
  • Air filled cavities called parenchyma for gas exchange
71
Q

Poaceae (grasses)

A
  • Most economically important plant family
  • Monocot
  • Essential to our survival (wheat, corn, rice, barley, sugar cane)
  • grasses grow from the base of the blade allowing them to survive grazing or mowing
72
Q

Asters

A
  • Capitulum

- Floret

73
Q

Capitulum

A

-cluster of many flowers in an aster

74
Q

Floret

A

-the two types of flowers in a capitulum

Diversity of Life (15 decks)

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