LAB 5

Question 1

Arbuscular mycorrhizae

Answer 1

type of mycorrhiza in which the fungus penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant

Question 2

Basidiocarp

Answer 2

a sporocarp produced by a member of the Basidiomycotina and which bears basidiospores

Question 3

Basidiomycete

Answer 3

a fungus within the Basidiomycotine; includes those species that produce a basidiocarp

Question 4

Basidiospore

Answer 4

an exogenous sexual spore (meiospore) formed on a basidium

Question 5

Basidium

Answer 5

a typically club-shaped cell in which karyogany and meiosis take place and on which basidiospores are formed

Question 6

Chitin

Answer 6

a tough, resistant, nitrogen-containing polysaccharide forming the cell walls of certain fungi

Question 7

Clamp connection

Answer 7

a bridge between dividing cells allowing for the movement of nuclei

Question 8

Cortina

Answer 8

a cobweb-like partial veil on certain types of mushroom

Question 9

Dolipore septum

Answer 9

permits cytoplasm and small organelles to pass through the structure, but restricts the movement of nuclei to varying degrees seen in the Basidiomycotina

Question 10

Gasteromycete

Answer 10

(stomach fungi) the group of Basidiomycetes with spots borne in cavities within the fruit body

Question 11

Vocab specific to the gasteromycetes

Answer 11

Gleba
Perdioles
Peridium

Question 12

Gleba

Answer 12

fleshy, spore-bearing inner mass of fungi such as the puffball or stinkhorn

Question 13

Peridioles

Answer 13

the ‘eggs’ bearing the spores in birds-nest fungi

Question 14

Peridium

Answer 14

a wall or membrane of sterile cells around a fruiting body

Question 15

Hymenium

Answer 15

the layer of asci on an ascoma or of basidia on a basidioma, together with any associated sterile hyphae

Question 16

Hyphae

Answer 16

Long filamentous cells that compose fungi

Question 17

Mycorrhiza

Answer 17

a specialized root structure resulting from a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a higher plant; at least 80% of all vascular plants have

Question 18

Mycelium

Answer 18

a mass of hyphae,

-vegetative non reproducing part of a fungus

Question 19

Rhizomorph

Answer 19

a macroscopic, typically rope-like strand of compacted tissue formed by certain higher fungi

Question 20

Sphaerocyst

Answer 20

round swollen cells usually formed in clusters, characteristically found in the Russulaceae

Question 21

Sporocarp

Answer 21

a fruit body that produces spores

Question 22

Sterigma

Answer 22

a spike-like structure that supports a basidiospore on the basidium

Question 23

Thallus

Answer 23

undifferentiated vegetative tissue forming the body of the fungus.

Question 24

Trama

Answer 24

the sterile tissue of a basidicarp

Question 25

Hyphae have cell walls composed of ______

Answer 25

chitin

Question 26

Fungi are composed of long, filamentous cells known as ________

Answer 26

hyphae

Question 27

______ is latin word for mushroom

Answer 27

Fungi

Question 28

Fungi diverged from life about ________

Answer 28

1500 million years ago

Question 29

Most hyphal cells are separated internally by cross-walls called ______

Answer 29

septa

Question 30

Hyphae lacking internal cross-walls are said to be

Answer 30

coenocytic or aseptate

Question 31

In basidiomycetes, the mycelium passes through two phases called ____ and ___

Answer 31

monokaryotic and dikaryotic

Question 32

Mycelium forming the basidiocarp is known as ______

Answer 32

Tertiary mycelium and is dikaryotic

Question 33

Ballistospore

Answer 33

the use of a ballistically propelled spore forcibly discharged from the sterigma where the Hilar droplet fuses with a film of liquid on the surface of the ballistospore causing a sudden shift in the centre of mass of the spore

Question 34

Distinguishing features of Basidiomycota

Answer 34

Reproduction Spore Dispersal Hyphal Structure (donut like margin called dolipore) Life Stages

Question 35

Primary mycelium

Answer 35

septa form and the mycelium is divided into monokaryotic segments

Question 36

Secondary mycelium

Answer 36

produced by the fusion of monokaryotic hyphae from different mating types. Occurs without nuclear fusion