Lab Midterm Flashcards
True Ribs
Vertebrosternal 1-7
False Ribs
Vertebrochondral 8-10
Floating Ribs
Vertebral ribs; last two ribs and have no sternal attachment
What makes up the axial skeleton?
skull, vertebral column, bony thorax
What makes up the appendicular skeleton?
pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, upper and lower limbs
What makes up the pectoral girdle?
clavicle and scapula
What makes up the pelvic girdle?
hip bones, sacrum, coccyx
Describe the rib cage.
aka bony thorax; separated into the sternum and ribs
What is the origin?
stationary or less movable point of attachment of a muscle
What is the insertion?
movable attachment of a muscle
Where is fibrocartilage found?
intervertebral disc; pubic symphysis
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
the end of the long bones, ribs
Where is elastic cartilage found?
larynx, pinna
Which dye diffused faster in the diffusion experiment?
potassium permanganate
What did we put inside the dialysis tube?
starch
What was permeable to the dialysis tubing?
Iodine & water was able to diffuse into the dialysis tube because of molecular weight/size was small
What wasn’t permeable to the dialysis tube?
Starch; couldn’t diffuse out of tube because molecular weight/size was too large.
Example of long bone.
femur; humerus
Example of short bone.
carpals in the wrist; tarsals in the ankles
Examples of sesamoid bone.
patella
Example of irregular bone.
vertebrae column; hip bones
Identify the body cavity
cranial cavity, pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, abdominal/abdominopelvic cavity
What plane splits the body left and right?
Sagittal/Midsagittal
What plane splits the body anterior and posterior?
Frontal plane
What plane splits the body superior and inferior?
Transverse Plane
Human body is erect, feet slightly apart, head and toes pointed forward, hands hanging at sides palms facing forward
anatomical position
What subdivisions can be located in the dorsal body cavity?
cranial and vertebral
What cavity houses the heart?
pericardial cavity
The wrist is ____ to the hand.
proximal
The mouth is ____ to the nose.
inferior
The heart is ____ to the spine.
anterior
What is the magnification of scanning power objective?
4X
What is the magnification of low power objective lens?
10X
What is the magnification of the high power objective lens?
40X
What is the total magnification of scanning power?
40X
What is the total magnification of the low power?
100X
What is the total magnification of high power?
400X
What is resolution?
ability to discriminate two close objects as separate
What is the distance between the bottom of the objective lens and the slide called
working distance
What is the area you see through the microscope called
field
Isotonic solution
cells retain their normal size/shape; same solute/water concentration as inside cells; water moves in and out; SALINE
Hypertonic solution
cells lose water via osmosis and shrink; higher concentration of solutes than are present inside cell; SODIUM CHLORIDE (NaCl)
Hypotonic solution
cells take on water via osmosis until they become bloated and burst(LYSE); contains a lower concentration of solutes than are present inside cells
Selectively permeable
allows substances to enter the cell and keeps out undesirable substances
Passive transport
substances move freely across the cell membrane with energy (ATP)
Diffusion
molecules move from an area of higher concentration an area of lower concentration
Osmosis
flow of water across the cell membrane; water moves down its concentration
How many bones in an adult skeleton?
206
How many bones in a fetal skeleton?
275
Condition where there is inflammation of the sinuses.
sinusitis
Condition where the mastoid process is full of air
mastoiditis
Condition where an ear infection that has spread to the mastoid process and inflames the meninges.
meningitis
How is the skull divided?
8 cranial bones, 14 facial bones; 22 total
