Exam 1 Study Guide Ch. 2 Flashcards
What is a chemical element?
unique substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods
List four elements that form the bulk of body matter.
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Define atom. What are the parts?
clusters of even smaller particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons
What is an isotope?
Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons and electrons, but they differ in the number of neutrons they contain.
Define molecule.
a combination of two or more atoms bonded together
Solution
solute particles are very tiny, do not settle out or scatter light. Ex: mineral water
Colloid
solute particles are larger than in a solution and scatter light. Ex; Jell-O
Suspension
solute particles are very large, settle out, and may scatter light. Ex; blood
What is a solution?
a homogenous mixture that may be gases, liquids, or solids.
What is a solute?
substance present in smaller amounts(dissolved in solvent). ex: sugar
What is a solvent?
the substance present in the greatest amount(dissolving medium) ex: water
What is a mole?
a unit of measurement; one mole of any substance contains 6.02x10^23
what does a mole of glucose weigh?
180g
What is a compound?
two or more different kinds of atoms bonded together
What is a mixture?
two or more components physically intermixed
How many molecules are in a mole of glucose?
6.02x10^23
Covalent bond
formed by sharing of two or more valence shell electrons; allows each atom to fill its valence shell at least part of the time
Covalent bond
formed by sharing of two or more valence shell electrons; allows each atom to fill its valence shell at least part of the time; strongest bonds
Hydrogen bond
attraction between a hydrogen atom carrying a partial positive charge and an electronegative atom with slightly negative charge; weakest bonds
Ionic bond
attraction between two oppositely charged ion; intermediate bonds
Describe factors that affect chemical reaction rates.
-temperature
-concentration
-particle size
-catalyts
What is an enzyme?
enzymes are globular proteins that act as biological catalysts which regulate and increase speed of chemical reactions
What is an acid?
a substance that release hydrogen(H+) ions aka proton donors; the more protons, the more acidic
What is a base?
they take up hydrogen ions aka proton acceptors; the less protons, the more basic
What is pH?
the relative concentration of hydrogen ions
Why is ATP important?
ATP is the primary energy transferring molecule and it provides a form of energy that is immediately useful by all body cells
