Exam 1 Study Guide Ch. 2

Question 1

What is a chemical element?

Answer 1

unique substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods

Question 2

List four elements that form the bulk of body matter.

Answer 2

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

Question 3

Define atom. What are the parts?

Answer 3

clusters of even smaller particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 4

What is an isotope?

Answer 4

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons and electrons, but they differ in the number of neutrons they contain.

Question 5

Define molecule.

Answer 5

a combination of two or more atoms bonded together

Question 6

Solution

Answer 6

solute particles are very tiny, do not settle out or scatter light. Ex: mineral water

Question 7

Colloid

Answer 7

solute particles are larger than in a solution and scatter light. Ex; Jell-O

Question 8

Suspension

Answer 8

solute particles are very large, settle out, and may scatter light. Ex; blood

Question 9

What is a solution?

Answer 9

a homogenous mixture that may be gases, liquids, or solids.

Question 10

What is a solute?

Answer 10

substance present in smaller amounts(dissolved in solvent). ex: sugar

Question 11

What is a solvent?

Answer 11

the substance present in the greatest amount(dissolving medium) ex: water

Question 12

What is a mole?

Answer 12

a unit of measurement; one mole of any substance contains 6.02x10^23

Question 13

what does a mole of glucose weigh?

Answer 13

180g

Question 14

What is a compound?

Answer 14

two or more different kinds of atoms bonded together

Question 15

What is a mixture?

Answer 15

two or more components physically intermixed

Question 16

How many molecules are in a mole of glucose?

Answer 16

6.02x10^23

Question 17

Covalent bond

Answer 17

formed by sharing of two or more valence shell electrons; allows each atom to fill its valence shell at least part of the time

Question 18

Covalent bond

Answer 18

formed by sharing of two or more valence shell electrons; allows each atom to fill its valence shell at least part of the time; strongest bonds

Question 19

Hydrogen bond

Answer 19

attraction between a hydrogen atom carrying a partial positive charge and an electronegative atom with slightly negative charge; weakest bonds

Question 20

Ionic bond

Answer 20

attraction between two oppositely charged ion; intermediate bonds

Question 21

Describe factors that affect chemical reaction rates.

Answer 21

-temperature
-concentration
-particle size
-catalyts

Question 22

What is an enzyme?

Answer 22

enzymes are globular proteins that act as biological catalysts which regulate and increase speed of chemical reactions

Question 23

What is an acid?

Answer 23

a substance that release hydrogen(H+) ions aka proton donors; the more protons, the more acidic

Question 24

What is a base?

Answer 24

they take up hydrogen ions aka proton acceptors; the less protons, the more basic

Question 25

What is pH?

Answer 25

the relative concentration of hydrogen ions

Question 26

Why is ATP important?

Answer 26

ATP is the primary energy transferring molecule and it provides a form of energy that is immediately useful by all body cells