Lab List Wednesday 6/18/14 Flashcards
Popliteus insertion
- posterior surface of tibia (superior to soleal line)
Popliteus origins (2)
- lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur
- lateral meniscus
Popliteus innervation
Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Popliteus main actions (2)
- weakly flexes knee
- unlocks knee by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia
Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and long head of biceps femoris origin
ischial tuberosity
Short head of biceps femoris origins (2)
- linea aspera
- lateral supracondylar line of femur
Semitendinosus Insertion
medial surface of superior part of tibia
Semimembranosus Insertion
posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and long head of biceps femoris innervation
Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Innervation for short head of biceps femoris
common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
The segmental innervation for all of the posterior thigh muscles (hamstrings, biceps short, and biceps long head) is
(L5, S1, S2)
Biceps femoris insertion (both heads)
lateral side of head of fibula
Semimembranosus and semitendinosus main actions (4)
- extend hip joint
- flex knee joint
- rotate leg medially while leg is flexed
- can extend trunk when hip and knee are flexed
Biceps Femoris main actions (both heads) (3)
- flexes knee joint
- rotates knee joint laterally when knee is flexed
- extends hip joint
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Modified hinge type of synovial joint
The knee joint consists of what three articulations?
- two femorotibial (lateral and medial) articulations
- one intermediate femoropatellar articulation
The stability of the knee depends on:
- strength and actions of surrounding muscles and their tendons
- ligaments connecting the femur and tibia
The most important muscle for knee stabilization is 1, particularly the inferior fibers of 2 and 3.
1) quadriceps femoris
2) vastus medialis
3) vastus lateralis
What structures limit flexion of the knee joint?
- soft tissue apposition posteriorly
- tension of the three vastus muscles
- tension of rectus femoris
What structures limit extension of the knee joint?
- anterior cruciate ligament
- posterior cruciate ligament
- fibular and tibial collateral ligaments
- posterior joint capsule
- oblique popliteal ligament
What structures limit internal rotation of the knee joint?
- anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
What structures limit external rotation of the knee joint?
- fibular and tibial collateral ligaments
The 1 attach to the synovial membrane of the joint capsule of the knee and act to _2_during extension of the knee
1) articularis genu muscles
2) retract the suprapatellar bursa
The ___ is part of the knee joint capsule extending superiorly to the patella deep to the vastus intermedius
suprapatellar bursa
The joint capsule of the knee is made up of a 1 and a 2. The joint capsule is strengthened by capsular (intrinsic) and extracapsular ligaments. The capsular ligaments include (3 - 6) and the extracapsular ligament is the 7.
1) fibrous layer (external)
2) synovial membrane (internal)
3) patellar
4) oblique popliteal
5) arcuate popliteal
6) tibial collateral
7) fibular collateral
Collateral ligaments are taut when the knee is 1 and permit 2.
1) fully extended
2) rotation of the knee
The oblique popliteal ligament strengthens the joint capsule 1 and the arcuate ligament spreads over the 2 of the knee joint, forming an arch to meet the oblique popliteal ligament 3.
1) posteriorly
2) posterior surface
3) medially
The crossing of the cruciate ligaments in the joint capsule permit about 1 of medial rotation and unwind during lateral rotation to allow about 2 of lateral rotation while the knee is bent at 90 degrees
1) 10 degrees
2) 60 degrees
The anterior cruciate ligament is the 1 of the two cruciate ligaments and limits 2 on the tibial plateau during flexion. It also prevents 3 of the femur on the tibia and 4 of the knee joint
1) weaker
2) posterior rolling of the femoral condyles
3) posterior displacement
4) hyperextension
The posterior cruciate ligament limits 1 during extension. It prevents anterior displacement of femur on the tibia or posterior displacement of tibia on femur; and it prevents 2 of the knee joint
1) femoral anterior rolling on tibia
2) hyperflexion
The menisci of the knee joint act to 1 and 2.
1) deepen the articular surface
2) act as shock absorbers
The 1 joins the anterior edges of the menisci to allow them to 2 during knee movements
1) transverse ligament
2) move together
1 of the knee occurs to allow for better weight bearing. The 2 unlocks the knee
1) Locking
2) popliteus
The four bursae of the knee are:
- suprapatellar
- popliteus
- anserine
- gastrocnemius
1 arteries from the femoral, popliteal, anterior and posterior recurrent branches of the 2 and 3 supply the knee
1) Genicular
2) anterior tibial artery
3) circumflex arteries
Nerves of the knee joint come from the:
- femoral
- tibial
- common fibular
- obturator, and
- saphenous nerves
The tibia and the fibula are connected by the tibiofibular joint superiorly and the tibiofibular syndesmosis inferiorly. 1) The tibiofibular joint is what type of joint? 2) What type of joint is the tibiofibular syndesmosis? 3) Why are these connections important?
1) plain type of synovial joint
2) compound fibrous joint
3) they keep the lateral malleolus and talus of the foot firmly together to stabilize the ankle joint
