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Gross Anatomy Unit 4 > Lab List Monday 6/23/14 > Flashcards

Lab List Monday 6/23/14 Flashcards

0
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis Origin, insertion, innervation, action

A

Origin: medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneous, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa

Insertion: Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral four digits

Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action: Flexes lateral four digits

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1
Q

Abductor hallucis Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Action

A

Origin: Flexor Retinaculum, Plantar aponeurosis, medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneous

Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

Innervation: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action: abducts and flexes 1st digit

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2
Q

abductor digiti minimi origin, insertion, innervation, action

A

origin: medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneous, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa

Insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digits

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action: abducts and flexes 5th digit

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3
Q

What are the muscles of the first layer of the sole of the foot? What two common origins do they share?

A
  • abductor hallucis
  • flexor digitorum brevis
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • they share medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
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4
Q

Quadratus plantae origin, insertion, innervation, action

A

Origin: medial and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus

Insertion: posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action: assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral four digits

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5
Q

lumbricals origin, insertion, innervation, action

A

origin: tendons of flexor digitorum longus
insertion: medial aspect of expansion over lateral four digits

innervation: Medial one: Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

action: flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

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6
Q

What are the muscles of the second layer of the sole of the foot?

A
  • quadratus plantae

- lumbricals

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7
Q

What are the muscles of the third layer of the sole of the foot?

A
  • flexor hallucis brevis
  • adductor hallucis
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
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8
Q

What are the muscles of the fourth layer of the sole of the foot?

A
  • plantar interossei (three muscles)

- dorsal interossei (four muscles)

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9
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis origin, insertion, innervatio, action

A

origin: plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
insertion: both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
innervation: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
action: flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

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10
Q

adductor hallucis origin, insertion, innervation, action

A

origin: oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4
transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th
metatarsophalangeal joint

insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
innervation: deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Action: adducts 1st digit, assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot

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11
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis origin, insertion, innervation, action

A

origin: base of 5th metatarsal
insertion: base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
innervation: superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
action: flexes proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

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12
Q

Plantar interossei origin, insertion, innervatio, action

A

origin: bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
insertion: medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th digits
innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
action: adducts digits 3-5 and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

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13
Q

dorsal interossei origin, insertion, innervation, action

A

origin: adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

insertion: first: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
second-fourth: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits

innervation: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
action: abducts digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal joints

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14
Q

All of the muscles of the sole of the foot have the same segmental innervation. What is it?

A

S2, S3

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15
Q

What are the seven tarsal bones?

A
  • calcaneous
  • talus
  • navicular
  • medial (first) cuneiform, at base of 1st metatarsal
  • intermediate (2nd) cuneiform, at base of 2nd metatarsal
  • lateral (third) cuneiform, at base of 3rd metatarsal
  • cuboid, most lateral in the distal row of the tarsal bones
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16
Q

Sustentaculum tali

A

projects from the superior border of the medial surface of the calcaneous and supports the head of the talus

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17
Q

On which tarsal bone is the groove for the tendon of fibularis longus located?

A

cuboid

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18
Q

What bony structures are in the hindfoot? The midfoot? The forefoot?

A 
Hindfoot:
   - talus and calcaneous
Midfoot:
   - navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid
Forefoot: 
   - metatarsals and phalanges
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19
Q

The deep fascia on the dorsum of the foot is continuous with the:

A

Inferior extensor retinaculum and plantar fascia and aponeurosis

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20
Q

What are some functions of the plantar fascia?

A
  • hold parts of the foot together
  • protect sole from injury
  • passively supports longitudinal arch of foot
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21
Q

What forms the three compartments of the sole of the foot?

A

vertical intramuscular septa extending from the margins of the plantar aponeurosis

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22
Q

What are the contents of the medial compartment of the sole of the foot?

A
  • abductor hallucis
  • flexor hallucis brevis,
  • tendon of flexor hallucis longus
  • medial plantar nerve and vessels
23
Q

What are the contents of the central compartment of the sole of the foot?

A
  • flexor digitorum brevis
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • quadratus plantae
  • lumbricals
  • adductor hallucis
  • tendon of flexor hallucis longus
  • lateral plantar nerve and vessels
24
Q

Contents of lateral compartment of sole of foot?

A
  • abductor digiti minimi

- flexor digiti minimi brevis

25
Q

The forefoot contains a fourth compartment. What are its contents?

A
  • metatarsals
  • dorsal interosseous muscles
  • plantar interosseous muscles
  • deep plantar and metatarsal vessels
26
Q

The plantar interossei muscles 1 and the dorsal interossei 2.

A

1) Adduct (PAD)

2) Abduct (DAB)

27
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) and Extensor hallucis brevis (EHB, which is part of EHB). Where are they located and what functions do they serve? What nerve supplies them?

A
  • anterior to the lateral malleolus
  • aid extensor digitorum and extensor hallucis longus in extending digits one through four
  • deep fibular nerve
28
Q

What nerves supply the intrinsic muscles of the foot? What two muscles are an exception to this? What nerve supplies these exceptions?

A
  • medial and lateral plantar nerves

- Extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis, which are supplied by the deep fibular nerve

29
Q

The medial and lateral plantar nerves are accompanied by:

A
  • medial and lateral plantar arteries and veins
30
Q

The popliteal artery branches into what arteries after exit of the popliteal fossa?

A
  • anteriorly = anterior tibial artery
  • posteriorly = - posterior tibial artery
    - fibular artery
31
Q

The anterior tibial artery divides into:

A
  • anterior lateral and medial malleolar arteries
  • (medially) dorsalis pedis
  • (laterally) lateral tarsal artery
  • lateral tarsal and dorsalis pedis join to form arcuate artery just before the shafts of the metatarsal bones
  • from arcuate artery, dorsal metatarsal arteries
  • proper dorsal digital arteries
32
Q

On the posterior leg, the popliteal artery divides into:

A
  • posterior tibial artery (medially)
  • fibular artery (laterally)
  • medial and lateral malleolar arteries
  • medial and lateral plantar arteries
  • medial plantar divides into superficial and deep medial plantar arteries
  • lateral plantar and deep medial plantar arteries come together at the beginning of the metatarsal shafts to form deep plantar arch
  • plantar metatarsal arteries
  • common plantar digital arteries
  • proper plantar digital arteries
33
Q

The sole of the foot is supplied by what artery?

A

posterior tibial artery

34
Q

What artery supplies the muscles of the great toe and skin on the medial side of the sole?

A

medial plantar artery

35
Q

The deep plantar arch runs between what?

A

The third and fourth muscle layers of the foot

36
Q

The lateral four digits of the foot are supplied by what arteries?

A

plantar digital arteries

37
Q

Deep veins of the foot 1 whereas the superficial veins 2 and 3

A

1) accompany all arteries internal to the deep fascia
2) are not accompanied by arteries
3) drain most of the blood from the foot

38
Q

Order of veins leading to main superficial veins from the toes:

A
  • plantar digital veins
  • plantar metatarsal veins
  • dorsal and plantar venous arches
  • medial marginal vein; becomes great saphenous vein
  • lateral marginal vein; becomes small saphenous vein
39
Q

Lymph nodes of the foot follow_1_ and eventually, all lymph from the lower limb eventually passes to 2

A

1) veins and major vascular bundles

2) iliac lymph nodes

40
Q

Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint type, movement, blood supply, nerve

A

type: plane synovial
movement: inversion and eversion
blood: posterior tibial and fibular arteries
nerve: plantar aspect of medial or lateral plantar nerve, dorsal aspect of deep fibular nerve

41
Q

Transverse tarsal joint: what joints, types, movements, blood supply, nerves?

A

Joints: talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints
Types: - ball and socket type synovial, plane synovial
Movements: gliding and rotatory, inversion/eversion/circumduction
Blood: anterior tibial via lateral tarsal artery
Nerve: plantar aspect of medial or lateral plantar nerve and dorsal aspect of deep fibular nerve

42
Q

Metatarsophalangeal joint type, movement, blood supply, nerve

A

Type: condyloid synovial
Movement: flexion, extension, some circumduction, abduction, adduction
Blood: lateral metatarsal arteries
Nerve: digital nerve

43
Q

Interphalangeal joint type, movement, blood supply, nerve supply

A

Type: hinge synovial
Movement: flexion, extension
Blood: digital branches of plantar arch
Nerves: digital nerves

44
Q

The arches of the foot function to:

A
  • absorb shock
  • act as springboards in walking
  • transverse arch spreads weight in all directions
45
Q

Medial longitudinal arch is higher and more important than lateral. What structures support it? What structures does it contain?

A
  • tibialis posterior
  • tibialis anterior
  • both their tendons
  • tendons of fibularis longus
  • contains:
  • calcaneous
  • talus
  • navicular
  • medial 3 cuneiforms
  • medial 3 metatarsals
46
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch - flatter. What does it contain?

A
  • calcaneous
  • cuboid
  • lateral two metatarsals
47
Q

Transverse arch runs from side to side. What structures does it contain? What tendons maintain its curvature? What structures serve as its pillar?

A

contents:

  • cuboids
  • cuneiforms
  • bases of metatarsals

maintain curve:
- fibularis longus and posterior tibialis tendons

pillar:
- medial and lateral parts of longitudinal arch

48
Q

Passive factors supporting the arches of the feet:

A
  • shape of united bones
  • four successive layers of fibrous tissue:
    • plantar aponeurosis
    • long plantar ligament
    • short plantar ligament
    • calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
49
Q

Dynamic support for the arches of the foot? Which muscles are specific to each arch?

A
  • reflexive, active bracing action of intrinsic foot muscles
  • active and tonic contractions of these muscles
  • flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus for longitudinal arch
  • fibularis longus and anterior tibialis muscles for transverse arch
50
Q

What muscles are in the first LAYER of the sole of the foot?

A
  • abductor hallucis
  • flexor digitorum brevis
  • abductor digiti minimi

(AFA)

51
Q

Muscles of 2nd LAYER of sole of foot?

A
  • quadratus plantae
  • lumbricals

(QL)

52
Q

Muscles of 3rd LAYER of sole of foot?

A
  • flexor hallucis brevis
  • adductor hallucis
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis

(FAF)

53
Q

Fourth layer of muscles of sole of foot?

A
  • plantar interossei
  • dorsal interossei

(PD)

54
Q

What two structures bear the greatest stress and greatest importance in maintaining the arches of the foot?

A
  • plantar ligaments

- plantar aponeurosis

Gross Anatomy Unit 4 (10 decks)

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