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Gross Anatomy Unit 4 > Lab List Friday 6/20/14 > Flashcards

Lab List Friday 6/20/14 Flashcards

0
Q

Soleus origins (4)

A
  • head of fibula (posterior aspect)
  • posterior surface of fibula
  • soleal line
  • medial border of tibia
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1
Q

Gastrocnemius origins (2)

A

Lateral head - lateral condyle of femur (lateral aspect)

Medial head - popliteal surface of femur

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2
Q

Plantaris origin (2)

A
  • oblique popliteal ligament

- lateral supracondylar line of femur

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3
Q

Insertion of gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris

A

posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)

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4
Q

Innervation of gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris

A

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

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5
Q

Gastrocnemius actions (3)

A
  • plantarflexes ankle while knee is extended
  • raises heel during walking
  • flexes knee joint
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6
Q

Soleus actions (2)

A
  • plantarflexes ankle

- steadies leg on foot (antigravity muscle)

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7
Q

Plantaris main actions (2)

A
  • mainly proprioreceptive

- weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle

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8
Q

All muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg are innervated by

A

the tibial nerve

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9
Q

Popliteus origins (2)

A
  • lateral condyle (lateral surface)

- lateral meniscus

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10
Q

Popliteus insertion

A
  • posterior surface of tibia (superior to soleal line)
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11
Q

Popliteus segmental innervation

A

L4, L5, S1

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12
Q

Flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus segmental innervation

A

S2, S3

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13
Q

Popliteus main actions (2)

A
  • weakly flexes knee

- unlocks knee

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14
Q

Flexor hallucis longus origins (2)

A
  • posterior surface of fibula (inferior two thirds)

- inferior part of interosseous membrane

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15
Q

flexor hallucis longus insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of great toe

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16
Q

flexor hallucis longus main actions (3)

A
  • flexes great toe in all joints
  • weakly plantarflexes ankle
  • supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
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17
Q

Flexor digitorum longus origin

A

posterior surface of tibia (inferior to soleal line)

18
Q

Tibialis posterior origins (3)

A
  • interosseous membrane
  • posterior surface of tibia (inferior to soleal line)
  • posterior surface of fibula
19
Q

Tibialis posterior segmental innervation

A

L4, L5

20
Q

Tibialis posterior insertions (4)

A
  • tuberosity of naviculars
  • cuneiforms
  • cuboid
  • bases of 2nd - 4th metatarsals
21
Q

The posterior compartment of the leg is the largest of the leg compartments and is called the 1 compartment. It is innervated by the 2 and is supplied by the 3 and 4 vessels

A

1) plantarflexor or flexor
2) tibial nerve
3) posterior tibial and
4) fibular

22
Q

The posterior compartment of the leg is divided into superficial and deep subcompartments by the ____

A

transverse intermuscular septum

23
Q

The superficial posterior compartment muscles are the

A
  • gastrocnemius (most superficial)
  • soleus
  • plantaris
24
Q

the triceps surae includes the 1 and 2 muscles joined by the 3. It supplies 4 of plantar force

A

1) soleus
2) gastrocnemius
3) calcaneous tendon
4) 93 percent

25
Q

The gastrocnemius can work at both the 1 and 2.

A

1) knee and

2) ankle joints

26
Q

The soleus is the “workhorse” of plantarflexion and is also called the 1 muscle because it contracts antagonistically but 2 with the anterior dorsiflexor muscles to maintain balance

A

1) antigravity

2) cooperatively

27
Q

The 1 plays a small role in movement and can be removed for grafting

A

plantaris

28
Q

The deep muscles of the posterior leg are the:

A
  • popliteus
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • tibialis posterior (deepest)
29
Q

The 1 nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior leg. The 2 supplies posterior compartment of leg and foot and the 3 supplies the posterior and lateral compartments of the leg and is usually located within 4

A

1) tibial
2) posterior tibial artery
3) fibular artery
4) flexor hallucis longus

30
Q

The ankle joint, also called the talocrural joint, is what type of a joint? Where is the joint located?

A
  • hinge type of synovial joint
  • between distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the superior part of the talus (trochlea of the talus into malleolar mortise of tibia and fibula
31
Q

The malleoli of the ankle joint grips the 1 tightly as it rocks within the 2. This grip is the strongest during 3 because the tibia and fibula are slightly 4

A

1) talus
2) mortis
3) dorsiflexion
4) separated

32
Q

The spreading apart of the tibia and the fibula during dorsiflexion of the ankle is limited by:

A
  • interosseous tibiofibular ligament

- anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

33
Q

The ankle is relatively weak during ___

A

plantarflexion

34
Q

The joint capsule of the ankle also contains a 1 and a 2.

A

1) fibrous layer

2) synovial membrane

35
Q

The lateral ligament of the ankle consists of three separate ligaments. What are they and what function do they serve?

A
  • anterior talofibular ligament
  • posterior talofibular ligament
  • calcaneofibular ligament
  • they reinforce the ankle laterally
36
Q

The medial ligament of the ankle (deltoid ligament) consists of four parts. What are they and what functions do they serve?

A
  • tibionavicular part
  • tibiocalcaneal part
  • anterior tibiotalar part
  • posterior tibiotalar part
  • They stabilize ankle joint during eversion of the foot and prevent subluxation (partial dislocation)
37
Q

Plantarflexion is performed by 1 muscles and dorsiflexion is performed by 2.

A

1) posterior and lateral leg muscles

2) anterior compartment muscles

38
Q

Dorsiflexion is limited by:

A
  • passive resistance of triceps surae

- medial and lateral ligaments

39
Q

What arteries supply the ankle joint?

A
  • malleolar branches of fibular artery

- anterior and posterior tibial arteries

40
Q

What nerves supply the ankle joint?

A

nerves from the tibial and deep fibular deviations

41
Q

What structures limit plantarflexion?

A
  • anterior talofibular ligament
  • anterior part of medial ligament
  • anterior joint capsule
  • contact of tibia and talus
  • tension generated by ankle dorsiflexors
42
Q

What structures limit dorsiflexion?

A
  • medial ligament of ankle, calcanofibular, posterior talofibular, posterior joint capsule
  • contact of talus and tibia
  • tension of plantarflexors at ankle

Gross Anatomy Unit 4 (10 decks)

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