Lab List Friday 6/20/14 Flashcards
Soleus origins (4)
- head of fibula (posterior aspect)
- posterior surface of fibula
- soleal line
- medial border of tibia
Gastrocnemius origins (2)
Lateral head - lateral condyle of femur (lateral aspect)
Medial head - popliteal surface of femur
Plantaris origin (2)
- oblique popliteal ligament
- lateral supracondylar line of femur
Insertion of gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris
posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
Innervation of gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris
tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Gastrocnemius actions (3)
- plantarflexes ankle while knee is extended
- raises heel during walking
- flexes knee joint
Soleus actions (2)
- plantarflexes ankle
- steadies leg on foot (antigravity muscle)
Plantaris main actions (2)
- mainly proprioreceptive
- weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle
All muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg are innervated by
the tibial nerve
Popliteus origins (2)
- lateral condyle (lateral surface)
- lateral meniscus
Popliteus insertion
- posterior surface of tibia (superior to soleal line)
Popliteus segmental innervation
L4, L5, S1
Flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus segmental innervation
S2, S3
Popliteus main actions (2)
- weakly flexes knee
- unlocks knee
Flexor hallucis longus origins (2)
- posterior surface of fibula (inferior two thirds)
- inferior part of interosseous membrane
flexor hallucis longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of great toe
flexor hallucis longus main actions (3)
- flexes great toe in all joints
- weakly plantarflexes ankle
- supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
Flexor digitorum longus origin
posterior surface of tibia (inferior to soleal line)
Tibialis posterior origins (3)
- interosseous membrane
- posterior surface of tibia (inferior to soleal line)
- posterior surface of fibula
Tibialis posterior segmental innervation
L4, L5
Tibialis posterior insertions (4)
- tuberosity of naviculars
- cuneiforms
- cuboid
- bases of 2nd - 4th metatarsals
The posterior compartment of the leg is the largest of the leg compartments and is called the 1 compartment. It is innervated by the 2 and is supplied by the 3 and 4 vessels
1) plantarflexor or flexor
2) tibial nerve
3) posterior tibial and
4) fibular
The posterior compartment of the leg is divided into superficial and deep subcompartments by the ____
transverse intermuscular septum
The superficial posterior compartment muscles are the
- gastrocnemius (most superficial)
- soleus
- plantaris
the triceps surae includes the 1 and 2 muscles joined by the 3. It supplies 4 of plantar force
1) soleus
2) gastrocnemius
3) calcaneous tendon
4) 93 percent
The gastrocnemius can work at both the 1 and 2.
1) knee and
2) ankle joints
The soleus is the “workhorse” of plantarflexion and is also called the 1 muscle because it contracts antagonistically but 2 with the anterior dorsiflexor muscles to maintain balance
1) antigravity
2) cooperatively
The 1 plays a small role in movement and can be removed for grafting
plantaris
The deep muscles of the posterior leg are the:
- popliteus
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
- tibialis posterior (deepest)
The 1 nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior leg. The 2 supplies posterior compartment of leg and foot and the 3 supplies the posterior and lateral compartments of the leg and is usually located within 4
1) tibial
2) posterior tibial artery
3) fibular artery
4) flexor hallucis longus
The ankle joint, also called the talocrural joint, is what type of a joint? Where is the joint located?
- hinge type of synovial joint
- between distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the superior part of the talus (trochlea of the talus into malleolar mortise of tibia and fibula
The malleoli of the ankle joint grips the 1 tightly as it rocks within the 2. This grip is the strongest during 3 because the tibia and fibula are slightly 4
1) talus
2) mortis
3) dorsiflexion
4) separated
The spreading apart of the tibia and the fibula during dorsiflexion of the ankle is limited by:
- interosseous tibiofibular ligament
- anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
The ankle is relatively weak during ___
plantarflexion
The joint capsule of the ankle also contains a 1 and a 2.
1) fibrous layer
2) synovial membrane
The lateral ligament of the ankle consists of three separate ligaments. What are they and what function do they serve?
- anterior talofibular ligament
- posterior talofibular ligament
- calcaneofibular ligament
- they reinforce the ankle laterally
The medial ligament of the ankle (deltoid ligament) consists of four parts. What are they and what functions do they serve?
- tibionavicular part
- tibiocalcaneal part
- anterior tibiotalar part
- posterior tibiotalar part
- They stabilize ankle joint during eversion of the foot and prevent subluxation (partial dislocation)
Plantarflexion is performed by 1 muscles and dorsiflexion is performed by 2.
1) posterior and lateral leg muscles
2) anterior compartment muscles
Dorsiflexion is limited by:
- passive resistance of triceps surae
- medial and lateral ligaments
What arteries supply the ankle joint?
- malleolar branches of fibular artery
- anterior and posterior tibial arteries
What nerves supply the ankle joint?
nerves from the tibial and deep fibular deviations
What structures limit plantarflexion?
- anterior talofibular ligament
- anterior part of medial ligament
- anterior joint capsule
- contact of tibia and talus
- tension generated by ankle dorsiflexors
What structures limit dorsiflexion?
- medial ligament of ankle, calcanofibular, posterior talofibular, posterior joint capsule
- contact of talus and tibia
- tension of plantarflexors at ankle
