LAB FINAL BCHEM Flashcards

1
Q

1.The parent compound of cholesterol has hexagonal rings:
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6

A

a. 3

1 = Pentagonal rings
3 = Hexagonal rings
4 = Total Rings (Cholesterol)

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2
Q

2.The parent compound of cholesterol has pentagonal rings:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

A

a. 1

1 = Pentagonal rings
3 = Hexagonal rings
4 = Total Rings (Cholesterol)

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3
Q

3.Which enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide starch to the disaccharide maltose?
A. Catalase
B. Amylase
C. Pepsin
D. Trypsin

A

Amylase

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4
Q
  1. Which are conjugates?
    A. weak acid and strong base
    B. weak acid and weak base
    C. strong acid and strong base
    D. none of the above
A

weak acid and weak base

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5
Q
  1. Normal pH of Blood
    A. 6.35-6.45
    B. 6.45-7.35
    C. 7.35-7.45
    D. 8.35-8.45
A

7.35-7.45

Gastric Juice = 1.0-3.0
Urine = 4.6- 8.0
Blood = 7.35 - 7.45

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6
Q
  1. Normal pH of Urine
    A. 2.6-5.0
    B. 4.6 -8.0
    C. 5.0-7.6
    D. 6.6-9.0
A

4.6 -8.0

Gastric Juice = 1.0-3.0
Urine = 4.6- 8.0
Blood = 7.35 - 7.45

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7
Q

7.Normal pH of Gastric juice
A. 1.0-3.0
B. 2.0-5.0
C. 5.0-8.0
D. 6.0-9.0

A

1.0-3.0

Gastric Juice = 1.0-3.0
Urine = 4.6- 8.0
Blood = 7.35 - 7.45

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8
Q

8.pH is detected and measured by using either a pH meter, or color-changing acid-base indicators. Acid-base indicators are:
A. strong organic acids
B. strong organic bases
C. weak organic acids
D. weak organic bases

A

weak organic acids

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9
Q
  1. Which are medically important carbohydrates?
    A. Pentose
    B. Hexose
    C. Sedoheptulose
    D. Ketose
A

Hexose

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10
Q

10.Sugar that is readily metabolized by most tissues:
A. Sucrose
B. Fructose
C. Glucose
D. Lactose

A

Glucose

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11
Q

11.A positive result is indicated by the precipitation of silver, producing a characteristic “silver mirror” appearance:
A. Tollen’s test
B. Picric Acid test
C. Benedict’s test
D. Molisch’s test

A

Tollen’s test

A. Tollen’s test = silver mirror
B. Picric Acid test
C. Benedict’s test = brick-red precipitate
D. Molisch’s test = H2SO4 purple-colored

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12
Q

12.A positive result is indicated by the color change from clear blue to a brick-red precipitate.
A. Tollen’s test
B. Picric Acid test
C. Benedict’s test
D. Molisch’s test

A

Benedict’s test

A. Tollen’s test = silver mirror
B. Picric Acid test
C. Benedict’s test = brick-red precipitate
D. Molisch’s test = H2SO4 purple-colored

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13
Q

13.Colorimetric test for carbohydrates utilizing sulfuric acid to produce a purple-colored compound in positive tests.
A. Tollen’s test
B. Picric Acid test
C. Benedict’s test
D. Molisch’s test

A

Molisch’s test

A. Tollen’s test = silver mirror
B. Picric Acid test
C. Benedict’s test = brick-red precipitate
D. Molisch’s test = H2SO4 purple-colored

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14
Q

14.In Barfoed’s Test, a negative result is obtained when:
A. There is formation of reddish precipitate
B. The blue color of the solution is maintained
C. A reddish layer is formed instead of purple
D. The solution becomes black

A

The blue color of the solution is maintained

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15
Q

15.Colorimetric tests for glucose are examples of chemical methods that rely on the fact that these substances are____that can react with other components to yield precipitates or colored complexes, which can be quantified.
A. Alkylating agents
B. Tautomers
C. Isomers
D. Reducing agents

A

Reducing agents

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16
Q

16.Colorimetric tests for carbohydrates are used in the following, EXCEPT:
A. screening for the presence of carbohydrates in urine
B. identification of the specific carbohydrate
C. detecting carbohydrates in unknown samples
D. determining the concentration of carbohydrates, in some cases

A

identification of the specific carbohydrate

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17
Q

17.Enzyme used in glucose determination
A. Glucose oxidase
B. Oxidoreductase
C. Hydroxylase
D. Peroxidase

A

Glucose oxidase

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18
Q

18.The most important reactions of sugars are based on the reactivity of their:
A. Alkyl groups
B. Aldehyde groups
C. Carboxyl groups
D. Carbonyl groups

A

Aldehyde groups

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19
Q

19.Lipids are classified together because they are fat like substances which are insoluble in water, but
A. soluble in organic solvents
B. soluble in alcohol only
C. melts at the same temperature range
D. mostly liquid in its natural form

A

soluble in organic solvents

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20
Q

20.The following are example/s of lipids:
A. Triacylglycerols
B. Cholesterol
C. Arachidonic acid
D. All of the above
E. A & B only

A

All of the above

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21
Q

21.Role of lipids in metabolism:
A. Rich energy source
B. Readily utilized as a primary energy source
C. Lipids are utilized through beta-oxidation
D. A and C only

A

A and C only

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22
Q
  1. Why are fatty acids insoluble in water?
    A. Due to the amphiphilic properties of fatty acids
    B. Due to the large size of the molecule
    C. Due to the lightness of the molecule
    D. Due to the heaviness of the molecule
A

Due to the amphiphilic properties of fatty acids

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23
Q
  1. What is the predominant configuration of unsaturated fatty acids?
    A. Cis-form
    B. Trans-form
    C. Both A and B
    D. None of the above
A

Cis-form

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24
Q

24.General test for presence of fats
A. Cooper acetate test
B. Liebermann-Burchard test
C. Acrolein test
D. Tollen’s test

A

Acrolein test

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25
Q

25.Cholesterol serves as a precursor of:
A. Steroid hormones
B. Bile acids
C. Vitamin D
D. All of the above

A

All of the above

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26
Q

26.The following are examples of organic solvents, EXCEPT:
A. Ethyl alcohol
B. Distilled water
C. Ether
D. Acetone

A

Distilled water

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27
Q

27.The parent compound of cholesterol has how many rings?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6

A

b. 4

1 = Pentagonal rings
3 = Hexagonal rings
4 = Total Rings (Cholesterol)

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28
Q

28.Proteins are polymers of amino acids that are connected via:
A. Ionic bonds
B. Hydrogen bonds
C. Peptide linkages
D. Covalent bonds

A

Peptide linkages

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29
Q

29.Proteins have a variety of functions, including the following, EXCEPT:
A. Catalysis of biochemical reactions
B. Provide a means to store energy
C. Transport molecular oxygen
D. Serve as structural materials

A

Provide a means to store energy

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30
Q

30.The ultimate reference method for determining concentration of protein is:
A. Colorimetric assay
B. Electron microscopy
C. Analysis of nitrogen content
D. Enzyme analysis

A

Analysis of nitrogen content

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31
Q

31.The following are examples of newer technologies in protein analysis, EXCEPT:
A. Colorimetry
B. Nephelometry
C. ELISA
D. Western blot

A

Colorimetry

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32
Q
  1. In the Biuret reaction, a positive result manifests as:
    A. Red color
    B. Silver color
    C. Blue color
    D. Pink or violet color
A

Pink or violet color

Red color = Millon’s / Soluble Proteins
Pink or violet color = Biuret / Peptide Bonds
Yellow color = Xantoproteic/ Souble Proteins
Purple color = Ninhydrin/ Ammonia

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33
Q
  1. The Biuret reaction detects the presence of:
    A. Peptide bonds
    B. Ammonia
    C. Soluble proteins
    D. Nitrogen
A

Peptide bonds

Red color = Millon’s / Soluble Proteins
Pink or violet color = Biuret / Peptide Bonds
Yellow color = Xantoproteic/ Souble Proteins
Purple color = Ninhydrin/ Ammonia

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34
Q

34.In Millon’s reaction, a positive result manifests as:
A. Red color
B. Silver color
C. Blue color
D. Pink or violet color

A

Red color

Red color = Millon’s / Soluble Proteins
Pink or violet color = Biuret / Peptide Bonds
Yellow color = Xantoproteic/ Souble Proteins
Purple color = Ninhydrin/ Ammonia

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35
Q

35.Millon’s reaction detects the presence of:
A. Peptide bonds
B. Ammonia
C. Soluble proteins
D. Nitrogen

A

Soluble proteins

Red color = Millon’s / Soluble Proteins
Pink or violet color = Biuret / Peptide Bonds
Yellow color = Xantoproteic/ Souble Proteins
Purple color = Ninhydrin/ Ammonia

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36
Q

36.In the Xanthoproteic reaction, a positive result manifests as:
A. Red color
B. Yellow color
C. Green color
D. Blue color

A

Yellow color

Red color = Millon’s / Soluble Proteins
Pink or violet color = Biuret / Peptide Bonds
Yellow color = Xantoproteic/ Souble Proteins
Purple color = Ninhydrin/ Ammonia

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37
Q

37 .Xanthoproteic reaction detects the presence of:
A. Peptide bonds
B. Ammonia
C. Soluble proteins
D. Nitrogen

A

Soluble proteins

Red color = Millon’s / Soluble Proteins
Pink or violet color = Biuret / Peptide Bonds
Yellow color = Xantoproteic/ Souble Proteins
Purple color = Ninhydrin/ Ammonia

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38
Q

38.In the Ninhydrin reaction, a positive result manifests as:
A. Pink color
B. Orange color
C. Purple color
D. Green color

A

Purple color

Red color = Millon’s / Soluble Proteins
Pink or violet color = Biuret / Peptide Bonds
Yellow color = Xantoproteic/ Souble Proteins
Purple color = Ninhydrin/ Ammonia

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39
Q

39.Ninhydrin reaction detects the presence of:
A. Peptide bonds
B. Ammonia
C. Soluble proteins
D. Nitrogen

A

Ammonia

Red color = Millon’s / Soluble Proteins
Pink or violet color = Biuret / Peptide Bonds
Yellow color = Xantoproteic/ Souble Proteins
Purple color = Ninhydrin/ Ammonia

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40
Q

40.Precipitation that is seen after heating an aqueous solution of protein signifies protein:
A. Breakdown
B. Rearrangement
C. Degradation
D. Denaturation

A

Denaturation

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41
Q

41.Protein structure resulting from folding into a three-dimensional form. This structure controls the basic function of the protein.
A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Tertiary structure
D. Quaternary structure

A

Tertiary structure

42
Q

42.Protein structure that has regular repeats and is stabilized by hydrogen bonds.
Includes Alpha helix, Beta Sheet and Beta Turns.
A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Tertiary structure
D. Quaternary structure

A

Secondary structure

43
Q

43.Uses of lecithin include:
A. Emulsifier
B. Surfactant
C. Lubricant
D. All of the above

A

All of the above

44
Q

44.Enzymes accelerate reactions by the activation energy needed for the reaction:
A. Stopping
B. Raising
C. Lowering
D. Binding

A

Lowering

45
Q
  1. The values for environmental factors at which an enzyme functions best is:
    A. Paradigm of maximum effectiveness
    B. Optimal conditions
    C. Comfortable conditions
    D. Efficient conditions
A

Optimal conditions

46
Q

46.During the procedure using the potato extract what was the enzyme studied?
A. Trypsin
B. Pepsin
C. Catalase
D. Amylase

A

Catalase

47
Q

47.What happens to an enzyme when it denatures?
A. The activation energy of the reaction is doubled
B. The activation energy of the reaction is lowered
C. Its optimal conditions for temperature of the enzyme are doubled
D. The shape of the enzyme molecule is changed

A

The shape of the enzyme molecule is changed

48
Q

48.Most enzymes are composed of:
A. Proteins
B. Lipids
C. Carbohydrates
D. Phosphates

A

Proteins

49
Q
  1. How would an extremely low pH (less than 2) denature an enzyme?
    A. The extra energy would cause violent movement and collisions until the bonds in the molecule broke, causing the shape to change
    B. The high concentration of hydrogen ions would break the bonds in the molecule, causing the shape to change
    C. The high concentration of hydroxide ions would break the bonds in the molecule, causing the shape to change
    D. Because pH molecules are structurally similar to the substrate molecules, they inhibit the chemical reaction
A

The high concentration of hydrogen ions would break the bonds in the molecule, causing the shape to change

50
Q

50.How would extremely high temperatures denature an enzyme?
A. The extra energy would cause violent movement and collisions until the bonds in the molecule broke, causing the shape to change
B. The high concentration of hydrogen ions would break the bonds in the molecule, causing the shape to change
C. The high concentration of hydroxide ions would break the bonds in the molecule, causing the shape to change
D. Because pH molecules are structurally similar to the substrate molecules, they inhibit the chemical reaction

A

The extra energy would cause violent movement and collisions until the bonds in the molecule broke, causing the shape to change

51
Q

51.How do inhibitors affect the reaction rate of enzymes?
A. The extra energy would cause violent movement and collisions until the bonds in the molecule broke, causing the shape to change
B. The high concentration of hydrogen ions would break the bonds in the molecule, causing the shape to change
C. The high concentration of hydroxide ions would break the bonds in the molecule, causing the shape to change
D. Because inhibitor molecules are structurally similar to the substrate molecules, they inhibit the chemical reaction

A

Because inhibitor molecules are structurally similar to the substrate molecules, they inhibit the chemical reaction

52
Q

52.Which isotype of creatine phosphokinase is elevated in cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
A. CPK MB
B. CPK MM
C. СРК BB
D. None of the above

A

СРК BB

53
Q

53.Both Buret test and Benedicts test reveal a solution which is blue in color. What do the results tell you?
A. The solution is negative for proteins
B. The solution is negative for simple sugars
C. The solution may be a lipid
D. All of the above

A

All of the above

54
Q
  1. What gives Biuret reagent its characteristic blue color?
    A. Potassium hydroxide
    B. Cu+2
    C. Potassium sodium tartrate
    D. Protein
A

Cu+2

55
Q

55.What does a pink biuret test result indicate?
A. Absence of amino acids
B. Presence of polypeptides
C. Presence of short-chain peptides
D. None of the above

A

Presence of short-chain peptides

56
Q

56.Biuret solution tests for the presence of molecules made when amino acids have been joined together by peptide bonds:
A. True
B. False

A

TRUE

57
Q

57.Which of the following statements is true regarding the solubility of nucleic acids:
A. They are insoluble in alcohol
B. They are slightly soluble in cold water
C. They are readily soluble in hot water
D. All of the above

A

All of the above

58
Q
  1. Which of the following is a constituent of nucleic acids?
    A. Carbon
    B. Phosphorus
    C. Hydrogen
    D. All of the above
A

All of the above

59
Q

59.The product of complete hydrolysis of deoxyribonucleic acid will yield:
A. Uracil
B. Cytosine
C. Guanine
D. A and C only

A

Cytosine

60
Q
  1. The product of complete hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid will yield:
    A. Uracil
    B. Cytosine
    C. Guanine
    D. All of the above
A

All of the above

61
Q

61.The glycosidic bonds in DNA and RNA:
A. Connect the sugar to the base
B. Can be hydrolyzed by OH ion
C. Stabilize Watson-Crick H bonds
D. Are free to rotate over about 1800

A

Connect the sugar to the base

62
Q

62.What are triglycerides composed of?
A. Glycerol
B. 3 fatty acids
C. 2 fatty acids
D. A and B only

A

A and B only

63
Q

63.Which fatty acids have double bonds?
A. Saturated
B. Unsaturated
C. Both
D. None

A

Saturated

64
Q
  1. Which of the following are reduced coenzymes?
    A. NADH and FADH2
    B. NAD+ and FAD
    C. ATP and GTP
    D. Coenzyme A and ubiquinone
A

NADH and FADH2

65
Q

65.The term pH describes the of the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.
A. +log
B. sum total
C. reciprocal
D. product

A

reciprocal

66
Q

66.High pH values therefore correspond to:
A. Low concentrations of H+
B. High concentrations of H+
C. Low concentrations of OH-
D. High concentrations of OH-

A

Low concentrations of H+

67
Q

67.Proton acceptors
A. Acids
B. Bases
C. Conjugates
D. None of the above

A

Bases

68
Q

68.Proton donors:
A. Acids
B. Bases
C. Conjugates
D. None of the above

A

Acids

69
Q

69.Predicts the behavior of weak acids and buffers:
A. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
B. Bronsted-Lowry theory
C. Arrhenius theory
D. Lewis theory

A

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

70
Q

70.Components in the blood responsible for maintaining pH.
A. Carbonates
B. Proteins
C. Phosphates
D. All of the above

A

All of the above

71
Q

71.Bronsted acids are represented as:
A. Hln
B. H+
C. pKa
D. HA

A

HA

72
Q

72.What describes the relative strength of both acids and bases?
A. pH
B. pKa
C. log
D. -log

A

pKa

73
Q

73.Completely dissociates at high pH
A. Strong bases
B. Weak bases
C. Strong acids
D. Weak acids

A

Strong bases

74
Q

74.The ability to resist a change in pH following addition of strong acid or base
A. Neutralization
B. Buffering
C. Steady state
D. Dilution

A

Buffering

75
Q

75.pH is detected and measured by using either a pH meter, or color-changing acid-base indicators. Acid-base indicators are:
A. strong organic acids
B. strong organic bases
C. weak organic acids
D. weak organic bases

A

weak organic acids

76
Q

76.A catabolic enzyme:
A. Joins two or more substances into a larger molecule
B. Cleaves a molecule into two or more parts
C. Inserts a substance between two or more existing molecules
D. Acts as a chemical messenger between amino cells

A

Cleaves a molecule into two or more parts

77
Q

77.An anabolic enzyme:
A. Cleaves a molecule into two or more parts
B. Inserts a substance between two or more existing molecules
C. Joins two or more substances into a larger molecule
D. Acts as a chemical messenger between amino cells

A

Joins two or more substances into a larger molecule

78
Q

78.An allosteric enzyme has which of the following properties?
A. It can only operate in an acidic environment,
B. It can only operate in an alkaline environment,
C. It becomes active only when it binds with a specific cofactor,
D. It can function either as a catabolic or anabolic enzyme.

A

It becomes active only when it binds with a specific cofactor,

79
Q
  1. A proteolytic enzyme has the following action:
    A. It cleaves complex sugars into simple sugars.
    B. It joins fatty acids into proteins
    C. It joins proteins to sugars to form glycoproteins.
    D. It cleaves protein molecules into smaller units.
A

It cleaves protein molecules into smaller units.

80
Q

80 .Amylase has all of the following properties except:
A. It breaks down starches into sugars.
B. It cleaves proteins into amino acids.
C. It is a component of human saliva.
D. High serum levels may indicate pancreatic inflammation.

A

It cleaves proteins into amino acids.

81
Q

81.The function of a protein is determined primarily by:
A. Its molecular weight
B. The number of amino acids it contains
C. Its spatial conformation
D. Its affinity for hydrocarbons

A

Its spatial conformation

82
Q

82.Which of the following is not involved in the biosynthesis of a protein molecule?
A. Codon
B. Ribosome
C. Messenger RNA
D. Amylase

A

Amylase

83
Q

83.Protein catabolism can yield which of the following:
A. Complex carbohydrates
B. Glucose
C. Free fatty acids
D. Omega-3 fatty acids

A

Glucose

84
Q
  1. The primary function of the Citric Acid Cycle is to:
    A. Facilitate aerobic cellular energy production
    B. Oxidize cellular toxins
    C. Produce anaerobic energy by fermentation
    D. Synthesize vitamin D
A

Facilitate aerobic cellular energy production

85
Q

85.Which of the following is a free fatty acid?
A. Eicosapentaenoic acid
B. Citric acid
C. Cholesterol
D. Glycerol

A

Eicosapentaenoic acid

86
Q
  1. Fatty acids are esterified into mono-, di-, or triglycerides by attaching to:
    A. Sterol
    B. Cholesterol
    C. Glycerol
    D. Sodium chloride
A

Glycerol

87
Q

87.Omega-3 fatty acids have which of the following?
A. At least 3 double bonds
B. A 3-carbon backbone
C. A double bond 3 carbons from the end of the chain
D. At least 3 fatty acid molecules linked by omega bonds

A

A double bond 3 carbons from the end of the chain

88
Q
  1. Test for glucose that reflects on how the body metabolizes glucose after ingestion of carbohydrate-rich food.
    A. Stimulatory tests
    B. Fasting tests
    C. Enzymatic tests
    D. Radioassay
A

Stimulatory tests

89
Q

89.Example of stimulatory tests for glucose?
A. Postprandial blood sugar
B. Oral glucose tolerance test
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

A

Both A and B

90
Q

90.Method of glucose determination that is dependent on the reducing properties of the sugar:
A. Chemical method
B. Enzymatic method
C. Stimulatory method
D. Metabolic method

A

Chemical method

91
Q

91.Method of glucose determination that lacks specificity
A. Chemical method
B. Enzymatic method
C. Stimulatory method
D. Metabolic method

A

Chemical method

92
Q

92.Method of glucose determination that is highly specific
A. Chemical method
B. Enzymatic method
C. Stimulatory method
D. Metabolic method

A

Enzymatic method

93
Q

93.The cleansing action of detergents is possible because of:
A. Ability of detergents to form bubbles
B. Amphiphilic properties of detergents
C. Biocidal properties of detergents
D. Solubility of detergents in water

A

Amphiphilic properties of detergents

94
Q
  1. Nucleic acids can be analyzed experimentally by their:
    A. Molecular weight
    B. Absorption of visible light
    C. Absorption of UV light
    D. None of these
A

Absorption of UV light

95
Q

95.A purine with an amine group on the 6th carbon:
A. Adenine
B. Thymine
C. Uracil
D. Guanine

A

Adenine

96
Q

96.Principle behind the test for the presence of purines with AgNO3:
A. Hydrolysis between hydrogen bonds of bases
B. Hydrolysis of phosphate-sugar backbone
C. Hydrolysis of N-3 glucosidic bonds between bases and sugar
D. All of the above

A

All of the above

97
Q

97.A patient with a history of diabetes mellitus is in her 2nd post operative day following a cholecystectomy. She complains of nausea and isn’t taking solid food. She becomes shaky and confused. What is the most likely explanation of her symptoms?
A. Anesthesia reaction
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Hypoglycemia

98
Q

98.Main function of insulin hormone?
A. Increase glycogen in the liver
B. Decrease glycogen in the liver
C. Increase blood sugar
D. Decrease blood sugar

A

Decrease blood sugar

99
Q

99.Acyl carrier protein (ACP) plays an important role in the biosynthesis of:
A. Fatty acids
B. Amino acids
C. Carbohydrates
D. Sugars

A

Fatty acids

100
Q
  1. Vitamins are essential because the organism
    A. Can’t synthesize the compounds at all
    B. Can partially synthesize the compounds
    C. Can’t synthesize the compounds in adequate amounts
    D. None of the above
A

Can’t synthesize the compounds at all