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Biochemisty Main > 4th Biochesmitry Lecture Exam (Batch 2026) > Flashcards

4th Biochesmitry Lecture Exam (Batch 2026) Flashcards

1
Q
  1. True of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway:
    A.Occurs in the cytoplasm
    B.Has three irreversible reactions
    C.Produces ATP
    D.Produces Ribose
A

D.Produces Ribose

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2
Q
  1. Coenzyme responsible for the dehydrogenation of Glucose 6 Phophate:
    A.NADP+
    B.NADPH
    C.NADP+ and NADPH
    D.NAD
A

A.NADP+

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3
Q
  1. Ribulose 5 Phosphate is an important product of Pentose Phosphate Pathway because:
    A.it is a substrate for fatty acid synthesis
    B.It is a substrate for steroid sythesis
    C.It is a substrate for nucleotide synthesis
    D.all of the above
A

C.It is a substrate for nucleotide synthesis

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4
Q
  1. The products of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway are:
    A.2 NADPH, 1 carbon dioxide, 2 Ribose
    B.2 NADPH, 1 carbon dioxide, Ribose
    C.2 NADPH, 2 carbon dioxide, Ribose
    D.1 NADPH, 2 carbon dioxide, 2 Ribose
A

B.2 NADPH, 1 carbon dioxide, Ribose

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5
Q
  1. Substances that may make people with G6PD symptomatic
    A.Fava beans
    B.Anti Tuberculosis drugs
    C.Anti-lnflammatories
    D.All of the above
A

A.Fava beans

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6
Q
  1. True about G6PD
    A.characterized by hemolytic anemia
    B.does not affect life expectancy
    C.Common in MiddIe America, Europe, and Africa
    D.symptomatic
A

A.characterized by hemolytic anemia

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7
Q
  1. G6PD is most severe in RBC’s because:
    A.The Pentose Phosphate Pathway is the sole source of NADPH in RBC’s
    B.RBC’s have nucleus and can produce ribuIose-5-phosphate
    C.Nore NADPH is needed in RBC’s to reduce glutathione
    D.Glucose-6-Phosphate is consumed in RBC’s
A

A.The Pentose Phosphate Pathway is the sole source of NADPH in RBC’s

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8
Q
  1. A medical student developed hemolytic anemia after taking the oxidizing malarial drug primaquine. This severe reaction is most likely due to:
    A.Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
    B.Scurvy
    C.Diabetes
    D.Glycogen phosphorylase activity
A

A.Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

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9
Q
  1. Familial fructokinase deficiency causes no symptoms because:
    A.hexokinase can phosphorylate fructose
    B.liver aldolase can metabolize it
    C.excess fructose is excreted trough feces
    D.excess fructose is converted to glucose
A

A.hexokinase can phosphorylate fructose

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10
Q

10.The Uronic Acid Pathway: ,
A.catalyzes conversion of glucose to glucoronic, pentoses, sialic acid
B.Energy producing reaction
C.Occurs in the cytosol
D.alternative pathway for the oxidation of glucose

A

D.alternative pathway for the oxidation of glucose

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11
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about the metabolism of fructose is NOT true?
    A.it can bypass phospofructokinase 1
    B.it is inhibited by excess glucose
    C.fructokinase needs magnesium as a cofactor
    D.it ultimately produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroacetone phosphate
A

B.it is inhibited by excess glucose

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12
Q
  1. Which statement regarding the reaction catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase is true?
    A.it produces acetyl coA
    B.it is the rate limiting step of the citric acid cycle
    C.it produces NADP
    D.it is the rate limiting step of the pentose phosphate pathway
A

D.it is the rate limiting step of the pentose phosphate pathway

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13
Q
  1. Which statement regarding transaldolase is true?
    A.it links the pentose phosphate pathway to the citric acid cycle
    B.it is an enzyme of the non oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway
    C.it requires thiamine pyrophosphate
    D.it catalyzes the transfer of 2 carbon units
A

B.it is an enzyme of the non oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following is associated correctly?
    A.maltose: galactose and glucose
    B.sucrose: glucose and galactose
    C.lactose: glucose and glucose
    D.sucrose: glucose and fructose
    E.lactose: galactose and galactose
A

D.sucrose: glucose and fructose

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15
Q
  1. Which of the following enxymes is NOT matched correctly to the reaction it catalyzes?
    A.Lactase: Lactose: glucose and galactose
    B.Galactose 1-Phophate uridyltransferase: galctose 1-Phosphate and UDP glucose to UDP-gaIactose and glucose 1-Phosphate
    C.Galactose 1-Phophate uridyItransferase:glucose 6-phosphate and GDP Glucose
    D.UDP gaIactose-4-epimerase:UDP-gaIactose to UDP-glucose
A

C.Galactose 1-Phophate uridyItransferase:glucose 6-phosphate and GDP Glucose

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16
Q
  1. Which statement regarding the pentose phosphate pathway is true?
    A.it participates in the synthesis of NADP
    B.it is regulated by the products of the citric acid cycle
    C.it has multiple points of entry and endpoints connected to other pathways
    D.it has multiple inputs but only 1 output
    E.It is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids
A

C.it has multiple points of entry and endpoints connected to other pathways

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17
Q
  1. Salla disease is a rare disease resulting from the accumulation of:
    A.fructose
    B.hexosaminase
    C.sialic acid
    D.folinic acid
A

C.sialic acid

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18
Q
  1. Mannose can enter the glycolytic pathway through the:
    A.isomerization into fructose 6-Phosphate
    B.isomerization of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
    C.it is a substrate of the glycolytic pathway
    D.Through xyIuIose-5-Phospate being converted to Fructose 6-phosphate
A

A.isomerization into fructose 6-Phosphate

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19
Q
  1. Which enzyme-substance demonstrates the correct pairing?
    A.galactokinase deficiency leads to accumulation of galactose 1-Phosphate
    B.Aldose reductase leads to accumulation of galactitol
    C.GALT deficiency leads to accumulation of galactose
    D.A and C only
    E.all of the above
A

B.Aldose reductase leads to accumulation of galactitol

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20
Q
  1. Which is true regarding fructose metabolism?
    A.The affinity of hexokinase for Fructose 6-Phospate is higher than fructose
    B.Can be catalyzed by Aldolase A B and C
    C.A deficiency in Aldolase B can cause fructose poisoning
    D.A and C only
    E.all of the above
A

D.A and C only

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21
Q
  1. Which among the following is true reqarding phosphofru4okinase 1? {/^„)
    A.catalyses the rate limiting step for glycolysis
    B.catalyses synthesis of fructose 2 6-bisphosphate from fructose 6 -phosphate
    C.is bypassed in fructose metabolism
    D.A and C only
    E.all of the above
A

D.A and C only

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22
Q
  1. In essential pentosuria, there is accumulation of what substance in the urine?
    A.xylulose
    B.lactose
    C.fructose
    D.galactose
    E.fucose
A

A.xylulose

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23
Q
  1. Which is true regarding the Uronic Acid Pathway?
    A.L-GuIonate is converted from UDP-gIucoronate
    B.ascorbic acid cannot be synthesized in some animals
    C.L-GuIonate is reduced
    D.A and B only
    E.all of the above
A

D.A and B only

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24
Q
  1. Which among the following demonstrate the use of NADPH?
    A.Reduces Hydrogen Peroxide
    B.Preserve integrity of WBC membrane
    C.Phacgocytosis by red blood cells
    D.A and C only
    E.all of the above
A

A.Reduces Hydrogen Peroxide

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25
Q
  1. Use of NADPH that passes through the microsomal cytochrome — 450 monooxygenase system is:
    A.detoxification of foreign compounds
    B.steroid hormone synthesis
    C.bile acid synthesis
    D.convert Vitamin D3 to id active form
A

A.detoxification of foreign compounds

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26
Q
  1. Which of the following is a false statement regarding the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Nomenclature or “Systematic names’?
    A.Counting begins from the carboxylic acid end
    B.Double bonds are labeled with cis-/trans- notation
    C.Systematic names give the least information
    D.The systematic name tells the number of C in the Fatty Acid chain, the degree of unsaturation, the C=C bond placement in the molecule and id stereochemistry
A

C.Systematic names give the least information

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27
Q
  1. Which of the following is not used in naming fatty acids?
    A.Carbon atoms are numbered from the carboxyl carbon
    B.The carboxyl carbon is designated as carbon No. 1
    C.Carbon number 1 is also known as the a-carbon
    D.The terminal methyl carbon is known as the w- or n-carbon.
A

C.Carbon number 1 is also known as the a-carbon

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28
Q
  1. In our diet, 90% of the fad are in this form:
    A.Triglycerides
    B.Cholesterol
    C.Phospholipids
    D.Glycolipids
A

A.Triglycerides

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29
Q
  1. These fatty acids lower both the plasma LDL and HDL
    A.w-6 Fatty Acids
    B.w-3 Fatty Acids
    C.Saturated Fatt:y Acids
    D.Monounsaturated Fatty Acids
A

A.w-6 Fatty Acids

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30
Q
  1. Which statement more appropriately defines lipids?
    A.Lipids are homogeneous group of compounds
    B.Lipids are essential components of all living organisms
    C.Lipids are water soluble organic compounds
    D.Lipids are all hydrophobic compounds
A

B.Lipids are essential components of all living organisms

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31
Q
  1. The essential fatty acids are examples of this class of fatty acids:
    A.Saturated fats
    B.Monounsaturated fats
    C.Polyunsaturated fats
    D.None of the above
A

C.Polyunsaturated fats

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32
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
    A.As number of double bonds increases, melting point decreases
    B.When double bonds are present they are nearly always in the trans configuration
    C.When double bonds are present they are always spaced at three-carbon intervals
    D.The introduction of a cis double bond causes the fatty acid to bend at that position
A

B.When double bonds are present they are nearly always in the trans configuration

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33
Q
  1. With only a few exceptions, natural fatty acids:
    A.Contain an even number of carbon atoms
    B.Arranged in a branched line
    C.Have a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end
    D.Have a methyl group (CH3) at the other end
A

B.Arranged in a branched line

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34
Q
  1. The following statement about fatty acids is false?
    A.As number of carbon chain length increases, melting point also increases
    B.When double bonds are present, they are always spaced at three-carbon intervals
    C.When double bonds are present they are nearly always in the cis rather than a trans configuration
    D.The omega system of naming fatty acids involves numbering the carbon atoms beginning at the carboxyl end
A

D.The omega system of naming fatty acids involves numbering the carbon atoms beginning at the carboxyl end

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35
Q

35.

A. 18:2 (9, 12)
B. 18:2 (6, 9)
C. 18:2 ( —6)
D. 18:2 (n-6)

A

B. 18:2 (6, 9)

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36
Q
  1. True of geometric isomerism among fatty acids:
    A.Occurs in saturated fatty acids
    B.Depends on the orientation of the groups around the axes of the double bonds
    C.Trans configuration entails acyl chains to be on same side of the double bonds
    D.Cis configuration entails acyl chains to be on opposite side of the double bonds
A

B.Depends on the orientation of the groups around the axes of the double bonds

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37
Q
  1. Which is a True statement about lipids?
    A.Their fluidity decreases with chain length and increases according to degree of unsaturation
    B.Melting point dereases with increasing carbon number
    C.Melting point of a saturated fatty acid is lower than in unsaturated fatty acid with the same number of carbons
    D.Double bonds increase melting point relative to saturated acid
A

A.Their fluidity decreases with chain length and increases according to degree of unsaturation

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38
Q
  1. Which of the following statement does not describe Trans fatty acids?
    A. They are chemically classified as unsaturated fatty acids
    B.They behave more like a saturated fatty acids in the body
    C.They elevate serum LDL and HDL
    D.They increase the risk for coronary heart disease
A

C.They elevate serum LDL and HDL

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39
Q
  1. Generation of free radicals from lipids con@ining polyunsaturated fatty acids, that damage tissues and cause disease resuld from this process:
    A.Peroxidation
    B.Oxidation
    C.Hydrogenation
    D.Carboxylation
A

A.Peroxidation

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40
Q
  1. True of essential fatty acids
    A.Linoleic acid is the precursor of u-6 arachidonic acid
    B.a-LinoIenic acid is the precursor of ta-3 fatt:y acids that are impolant for growth and development
    C.They are dietary essentials in humans because we lack the enzymes needed to synthesize them
    D. All of the above
A

D. All of the above

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41
Q
  1. Which of the following does not represent the fatty acid abbreviation 18:1 (9)?
    A.The fatty acid has 18 Carbons
    B.The fatty acid has 1 double bond
    C.Position of the double bond is at Carbon 9 from the methyl end
    D.This represents Oleic Acid
A

C.Position of the double bond is at Carbon 9 from the methyl end

42
Q
  1. What is/are the main storage forms of fatty acids?
    A.Monoacylglycerols (Monoglycerides)
    B.Diacylglycerols (Diglycerides)
    C.Triacylglycerols (Triglycerides)
    D. All of the Above
A

C.Triacylglycerols (Triglycerides)

43
Q
  1. These fatty acids are being used to fortify milk formula to promote brain development:
    A.w-3 Fatty Acids
    B.w-6 Fatty Acids
    C.w-7 Fatty Acids
    D.w-9 Fatty Acids
A

A.w-3 Fatty Acids

44
Q
  1. Classify Palmitic acid, a 16-carbon fatty acid that functions as structural lipids, according to their chain length using the choices below:
    A.Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)
    B.Medium-chain fatty acids (PICFA)
    C.Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)
    D.Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA)
A

C.Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)

45
Q
  1. Classify Linoleic acid and o-LinoIenic acid which are essential fatty acids that have 18 carbons according to their chain length using the choices below:
    A.Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)
    B.Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA)
    C.Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)
    D.Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA)
A

C.Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)

46
Q
  1. Classify Capric acid which is a 10-carbon fatty acid found in significant quantities in milk according to their chain length using the choices below:
    A.Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)
    B.Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA)
    C.Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)
    D.Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA)
A

B.Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA)

47
Q
  1. Classify Acetic Acid, a 2-carbon atom fatty acid that is a major end product of carbohydrate fermentation by rumen organisms, according to their chain length using the choices below:
    A.Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)
    B.Medium-chain fatt:y acids (MCFA)
    C.Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)
    D.Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA)
A

A.Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)

48
Q

48.

A.Monoenoic acid
B.Dienoic acid
C.Trienoic acid
D.Tetraenoic acid

A

D.Tetraenoic acid

49
Q

A.Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)
B.Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA)
C.Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)
D.Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA)

A

C.Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)

50
Q
  1. Which represent the figure below?
    A.20:4 (n-6) from the carboxyl end
    B.20:4 (5, 8, 11, 14) from the methyl end
    C.20:4 (w-6) from the methyl end
    D.20:4 (w-5) from the methyl end
A

C.20:4 (w-6) from the methyl end

51
Q
  1. The rate-limiting reaction of glycolysis:
    A.Glucose Glucose-6-Phosphate
    B.Phosphoenolpyruvate -> Pyruvate
    C.Fructose-6-phosphate -> Fructose 1.6-bisphosphate
    D.Glyceraldehyde -> GIyceraIdehydes-3-phosphate
A

C.Fructose-6-phosphate -> Fructose 1.6-bisphosphate

52
Q
  1. Which reaction produces ATP?
    A.Glucose -> Glucose-6-phoshate
    B.1,3-bisphosphogIycerate -> 3-phosphogIycerate
    C.glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate -> dihydroxyacetone phosphate
    D.glucose 6-phosphate -> fructose 6-phosphate
A

B.1,3-bisphosphogIycerate -> 3-phosphogIycerate

53
Q
  1. What is the purpose of lactate synthesis in anaerobic glycolysis?
    A.Synthesis of NAD+
    B.Activation of pyruvate
    C.Synthesis of ATP
    D.to prevent accumulation of hydrogen peroxide that can cause hemolysis
A

A.Synthesis of NAD+

54
Q
  1. True of hexokinase:
    A.Has less activity in the liver compared to glucokinase after a meal
    B.Has a lower affinity for glucose compared to glucokinase
    C.Highly specific for the glucose molecule as substrate
    D.IQ activity is not inhibited allosterically by iS product glucose 6-phosphate
A

A.Has less activity in the liver compared to glucokinase after a meal

55
Q
  1. How many ATP is produced for every glucose molecule oxidized in the muscles during high intensity exercise when supply of oxygen is limited?
    A.32
    B.30
    C.10
    D.2
A

D.2

56
Q
  1. The enzyme that converts excess pyruvate to its product after glycolysis when oxygen levels are adequate and AMP/ATP ratio is high:
    A.Lactate Dehydrogenase
    B.Pyruvate carboxylase
    C.Pyruvate kinase
    D.Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
A

D.Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

57
Q
  1. Fill up the missing intermediate in the glycolytic pathway. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate—> ___________—->3-PhosphogIycerate
    A.phosphoenolpyruvate
    B.2-phosphogIycerate
    C.1,3 bisphosphoglycerate
    D.dihydroxyacetone phosphate
A

C.1,3 bisphosphoglycerate

58
Q
  1. Glycolytic pathway regulation involves:
    A.allosteric stimulation by ADP
    B.allosteric inhibition by ATP
    C.feedback, or product, inhibition by ATP
    D. all of the above
A

D. all of the above

59
Q
  1. Why does the glycolytic pathway continue in the direction of glucose catabolism?
    A.There are essentially three irreversible reactions that act as the driving force for the pathway
    B.High levels of ATP keep the pathway going in a forward direction
    C.All the enzymes of glycolysis only function in one direction
    D.All the enzymes of Glycolysis catalyze reversible reactions
A

A.There are essentially three irreversible reactions that act as the driving force for the pathway

60
Q
  1. Which of the following statement regarding glycolysis is FAKE?
    A.ADP is phosphorylated to ATP via substrate level phosphorylation
    B.The pathway does not require oxygen
    C.The pathway oxidized 2 moles of NADH+ to NAD+ for each mole of glucose that enters the cycle
    D.The pathway requires 2 moles of ATP to get started in catabolizing the glucose molecule
A

C.The pathway oxidized 2 moles of NADH+ to NAD+ for each mole of glucose that enters the cycle

61
Q
  1. True for Aldolase:
    A.Isomerization
    B.Reduction of pyruvate
    C.Activates the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme
    D.Irreversible phosphorylation of glucose
    E. Cleavage of a hexose bisphosphate
A

E. Cleavage of a hexose bisphosphate

62
Q
  1. True of Hexokinase:
    A.Isomerization
    B.Reduction of pyruvate
    C.Activates the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme
    D.Irreversible phosphorylation of glucose
    E.Cleavage of a hexose bisphosphate
A

D.Irreversible phosphorylation of glucose

63
Q
  1. True of Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate:
    A.Isomerization
    B.Reduction of pyruvate
    C.Activates the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme
    D.Irreversible phosphorylation of glucose
    E.Cleavage of a hexose bisphosphate
A

C.Activates the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme

64
Q
  1. Lactate dehydrogenase:
    A.Isomerization
    B.Reduction of pyruvate
    C.Activates the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme
    D.Irreversible phosphorylation of glucose
    E.Cleavage of a hexose bisphosphate
A

B.Reduction of pyruvate

65
Q
  1. Forward glycolytic reaction with glucose-6-phosphate as substrate:
    A.Isomerization
    B.Reduction of pyruvate
    C.Activates the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme
    D.Irreversible phosphorylation of glucose
    E.Cleavage of a hexose bisphosphate
A

A.Isomerization

66
Q
  1. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase:
    A.the enzyme is active when phosphorylated
    B.the enzyme is active when dephosphorylated
A

B.the enzyme is active when dephosphorylated

67
Q
  1. Pyruvate kinase:
    A.the enzyme is active when phosphorylated
    B.the enzyme is active when dephosphorylated
A

B.the enzyme is active when dephosphorylated

68
Q
  1. Glucose-6-phosphatase:
    A.the enzyme is active when phosphorylated
    B.the enzyme is active when dephosphorylated
A

A.the enzyme is active when phosphorylated

69
Q
  1. Hexokinase:
    A.the enzyme is active when phosphorylated
    B.the enzyme is active when dephosphorylated
A

B.the enzyme is active when dephosphorylated

70
Q
  1. Phosphofructokinase:
    A.the enzyme is active when phosphorylated
    B.the enzyme is active when dephosphorylated
A

B.the enzyme is active when dephosphorylated

71
Q
  1. Which of the following is not accomplished in glycolysis?
    A.Net ATP synthesis
    B.Substrate level phosphorylation
    C.Oxidative phosphorylation
    D.Generation of reducing equivalents
A

C.Oxidative phosphorylation

72
Q
  1. Which of the following is true of the final product of aerobic glycolysis?
    A.It is a carboxylic acid
    B.It is a 4-carbon sugar
    C.It cannot be used as a substrate for further ATP synthesis
    D.All of the above
A

A.It is a carboxylic acid

73
Q
  1. What is the diPerence between hexokinase and glucokinase?
    A.Hexokinase phosphorylates glucose; glucokinase does not
    B.Hexokinase is absent in the liver; glucokinase is abundant in the liver
    C.Hexokinase is inhibited by glucose-6-phosphate; glucokinase is not
    D.Hexokinase has a low affinity for glucose; glucokinase has a high affinity for glucose
A

C.Hexokinase is inhibited by glucose-6-phosphate; glucokinase is not

74
Q
  1. Where does glycolysis take place?
    A.Mitochondrial matrix
    B.Inner membrane of the mitochondria
    C.Outer membrane of the mitochondria
    D.Cytoplasm
A

D.Cytoplasm

75
Q
  1. What type of metabolic process is glycolysis?
    A.Anabolic
    B.Catabolic
    C.Amphibolic
    D.Anaplerotic
A

B.Catabolic

76
Q
  1. Which of the following reactions are considered as gluconeogenic reactions or pathways?
    A.Glycogen -> Glucose
    B.Alanine -> Pyruvate
    C.Acetoacetate -> Glucose
    D.Pyruvate ->Acetyl-CoA
A

B.Alanine -> Pyruvate

77
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a gluconeogenic enzyme?
    A.Glucose-6-phosphatase
    B.GIyceraIdehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
    C.Phosphoglycerate kinase
    D.Pyruvate kinase
A

B.Alanine -> Pyruvate

78
Q
  1. What is the role of the enzyme aldolase in gluconeogenesis?
    A.It synthesizes 2 triose phosphates for gluconeogenesis
    B.It condenses 2 triose phosphates to form a 6-carbon compound
    C.It converts aldoses to ketoses
    D.It delivers adenosine triphosphate to the cytosol as a source of energy for gluconeogenesis
A

B.It condenses 2 triose phosphates to form a 6-carbon compound

79
Q
  1. Why is gluconeogenesis not possible in skeletal muscles?
    A.Skeletal muscles do not have the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase to convert lactate to pyruvate
    B.Skeletal muscles do not have mitochondria for oxaloacetate synthesis
    C.Skeletal muscles do not have the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase
    D.Skeletal muscles are deficient in fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, the rate-limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis
A

C.Skeletal muscles do not have the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase

80
Q
  1. Which of the following can be used as a substrate for gluconeogenesis?
    A.Acetyl-CoA
    B.Lactate
    C.Acetoacetate
    D.Leucine
A

B.Lactate

81
Q
  1. Which glucose transporter is activated in the presence of insulin?
    A.GLUT 1
    B.GLUT 2
    C.GLUT 4
    D.SGLT 1
A

C.GLUT 4

82
Q
  1. Which is the correct sequence of events for the secretion of insulin from the pancreas?
    A.Increased glucose —> increased glycolysis —> Increased ATP synthesis —> Depolarization of the beta cell —> Exocytosis of insulin
    B.Decreased serum glucose —> increased pancreatic gluconeogenesis —> Increased glycolysis —> Depolarization of the beta cell —> Insulin secretion
    C.Increased glycolysis —> Elevation of pancreatic glucose —> Increased ATP synthesis —> Increased free phosphate in pancreas —> Insulin exocytosis
    D.Decrease of pancreatic glucose —> Cell depolarization —> Increased calcium influx to the cell —> Increased glycolysis —> Insulin secretion
A

A.Increased glucose —> increased glycolysis —> Increased ATP synthesis —> Depolarization of the beta cell —> Exocytosis of insulin

83
Q
  1. Which enzymes circumvent the glycolytic reaction catalyzed by pyruvate kinase?
    A.Pyruvate dehydrogenase and Lactate dehydrogenase
    B.Pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase
    C.Hexokinase and glucokinase
    D.Fructose-6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
A

B.Pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase

84
Q
  1. Which of the following substrates are decreased by glucagon?
    A.Glucose
    B.Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
    C.Fructose
    D.Cyclic AMP
A

B.Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

85
Q
  1. Which polion of an amino acid is used for gluconeogenesis?
    A.Carbon skeleton
    B.Amino group
    C.Carboxyl group
    D.Peptide linkage
A

A.Carbon skeleton

86
Q
  1. During starvation, which molecule acts as an activator of gluconeogenesis?
    A.AcetyI-CoA
    B.Lactate
    C.ATP
    D.NADH
A

A.AcetyI-CoA

87
Q
  1. Which hormone is the primary regulator of gluconeogenesis?
    A.Epinephrine
    B.Glucagon
    C.Insulin
    D.Incretin
A

B.Glucagon

88
Q
  1. Which of the following is required by the enzyme PEP carboxykinase?
    A.Biotin
    B.GTP
    C.Pyridoxal phosphate
    D.NADH
A

B.GTP

89
Q
  1. How many DHAPs are needed to synthesize 1 molecule of glucose?
    A.1
    B.2
    C.3
    D.None of the above- DHAP cannot form glucose
A

B.2

90
Q
  1. Which fatty acid can synthesize glucose?
    A.Acetate
    B.Malate
    C.Propionate
    D.Palmitate
A

C.Propionate

91
Q
  1. Secretion of insulin from pancreatic B cells:
    A.enhances GLYCOLYSIS
    B.enhances GLUCONEOGENESIS
A

A.enhances GLYCOLYSIS

92
Q
  1. Increased Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentration:
    A.enhances GLYCOLYSIS
    B.enhances GLUCONEOGENESIS
A

A.enhances GLYCOLYSIS

93
Q
  1. Increased cyclic AMP synthesis:
    A.enhances GLYCOLYSIS
    B.enhances GLUCONEOGENESIS
A

B.enhances GLUCONEOGENESIS

94
Q
  1. Increased beta oxidation of fatty acids:
    A.enhances GLYCOLYSIS
    B.enhances GLUCONEOGENESIS
A

B.enhances GLUCONEOGENESIS

95
Q
  1. Increased catecholamine synthesis:
    A.enhances GLYCOLYSIS
    B.enhances GLUCONEOGENESIS
A

B.enhances GLUCONEOGENESIS

96
Q
  1. How many net ATPs are synthesized during the chemical priming phase of glycolysis?
    A.0
    B.2
    C.4
    D.8
A

A.0

97
Q
  1. How many net ATPs are synthesized during aerobic gluconeogenesis?
    A.0
    B.2
    C.10
    D.None of the above
A

A.0

98
Q
  1. How many net ATPs are synthesized in the reaction converting PEP to pyruvate during anaerobic glycolysis?
    A. 0
    B.1
    C. 2
    D. Cannot tell
A

B.1

99
Q
  1. How many net ATPs are synthesized from pyruvate to lactate during the oxidative phase of the glycolytic pathway?
    A. 0
    B. 2
    C.4
    D. Depends on whether the pathway used is the Nalate-Aspartate or the Glyceophosphate
A

A. 0

100
Q
  1. Which is an anaplerotic reaction?
    A.Carboxylation of pyruvate
    B.Decarboxylation of pyruvate
    C.Carboxylation of PEP
    D.Decarboxylation of PEP to pyruvate
A

A.Carboxylation of pyruvate

Biochemisty Main (29 decks)

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