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Anatomy 2 > Lab Exam 2 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyrus

A 
Judgement
Rational Thinking 
Projection into future 
Social behavior
Motivation
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2
Q

Post central gyrus

A

Primary sensory station

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3
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Primary motor station

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4
Q

Superior parietal lobule

A

Sensory associational cortex (asteroagnosis)

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5
Q

Superior temporal gyrus

A

Primary auditory area on superior surface (Wernicke’s area)

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6
Q

Supramarginal gyrus

A

Integrates kinesthetic memories with auditory commands

lesion = ideomotor apraxia

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7
Q

Angular gyrus

A

Integrates visual, tactile, and auditory information (lesion = alexia and agraphia)

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8
Q

Insula

A

Localization of pain and provides an emotionally relevant context to sensory experiences

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9
Q

Parahippocampal gyrus

A

Contains hippocampus which is responsible for memory

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10
Q

Uncus

A

Can push into cerebral peduncle if there is a space occupying lesion, if they have an uncal seizure they will have an odd smell beforehand

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11
Q

Optic tract

A

After crossing of optic nerve at optic chiasm

Lesion = homonymous hemianopsia

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12
Q

Optic chiasm

A

Crossing of the optic nerves (lesion = bitemporal hemianopsia)

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13
Q

Optic nerve

A

CN II (lesion = monocular blindness)

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14
Q

Orbital gyri

A

personality, emotions, and behavior (inferior surface of frontal lobe)

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15
Q

Olfactory tract/bulb

A

CN I, smell

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16
Q

Infundibular stem

A

Connection of hypothalamus to pituitary gland

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17
Q

Tuber cinerum

A

In hypothalamus, produced pituitary hormones

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18
Q

Mammilary bodies

A

Interconnects limbic system with hypothalamus

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19
Q

Occipitotemporal gyrus

A

Visual association

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20
Q

Oculomotor nerve

A

CN III
Somatic - innervates eye muscles besides LR and SO
Visceral - ciliary muscles and pupillary constrictors
Lesion - ipsilateral opthalomoplegia (unopposed LR, dilate pupils, ptosis)

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21
Q

Facial nerve

A

CN VII
Motor to face and salivary
Somatic - aids in communication, chewing, drinking, dampens sound, protect aid, aid in breathing through nose
Visceral motor - innervates lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual
Special sensory - taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

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22
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

CN VII
Vestibular division - balance/equilibrium
Cochlear division - hearing
Lesion = BPPV, neuritis, Meinere’s neuroma, vertigo

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23
Q

Vagus nerve

A

CN X

GI motility, organs, throat, and palate muscles aortic baroreceptors

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24
Q

Olive

A

Location of inferior olivary nucleus (motor relay station to cerebellum)

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25
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A 
CN XII
Tongue muscles (bilateral protrudes tongue, unilateral contraction produces CL deviation of tongue)
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26
Q

Pyramids

A

Motor fibers that have crossed the spinal cord

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27
Q

Pyramidal decussation

A

Motor crossing in medulla (88% of LCS fibers cross to form LCST in lateral funiculus of SC)

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28
Q

Flocculus

A

Flocculondular lobe for vestibocerebellar system (balance)

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29
Q

Cerebellar tonsils

A

Paravermal area, muscle synergy

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30
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

Sensory to CL face

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31
Q

Medulla

A

Respiratory, CV center

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32
Q

Posterior commissure

A

Pre-tectal neurons cross (pupillary light reflex)

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33
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Thermoregulatory center, ANS, release pituitary hormones

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34
Q

Thalamus

A

Motor and sensory relay station

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35
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Connects two hemispheres

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36
Q

Interventricular foramen of Monro

A

Between lateral ventricles

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37
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

Involved in emotion

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38
Q

Fornix

A

Afferent to hypothalamus

Efferent and afferent to limbic

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39
Q

Paracentral lobule

A

Primary sensory cortex that receives input from CL lower extremity

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40
Q

Precuneus

A

Sensory associational area

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41
Q

Cuneus

A

Sees CL inferior visual field (R sees inferior L visual field)

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42
Q

Lingual gyrus

A

Sees CL superior visual field (R sees superior L visual field)

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43
Q

Parietooccipital sulucs

A

Separates the parietal from the occipital lobe

44
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

Lined by ependymal cells, ependymoma, could be source of hydrocephalus

45
Q

Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

A

3rd to 4th ventricle

46
Q

Superior colliculi

A

Head and UE, involuntary and voluntary movements of eye

Some axons from optic tract synapse here for reflexive head/neck movements toward light

47
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

Relay station for auditory info, sound localization

48
Q

Pineal gland

A

Produces melatonin, sleep cycle

49
Q

Brachium of inferior and superior colliculi

A

Superior to lateral geniculate nucleus, inferior colliculis to medial geniculate nucleus

50
Q

Vagal trigone

A

Bulged areas of the floor of the 4th ventricle because you have the nucleiof the vagus nerve

51
Q

Hypoglossal trigone

A

Bulged areas of the floor of 4th ventricle because you have the nuclei of the hypoglossal nerve

52
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle

A

Major afferent input into cerebellum and part of pontocerebellar system (fine motor movements)

53
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus

A

Relay station for visual system

54
Q

Abducens nerve

A

Innervates the IL lateral rectus

55
Q

Ventral medial gray horn

A

Motor neurons to trunk musculature

56
Q

Ventral funiculus

A 
Contains ventral (medial) corticospinal tract - Descending axons from IL pre-motor and pre-central gyri.  Motor neurons to CL trunk/proximal limb musculature 
Ventral spinothalamic tract - ascending axons from CL nucleus proprious that transmits general tactile/crude/course touch from CL side of the body
57
Q

Lateral funiculus

A

Dorsal spinocerebellar tract (unconscious/conscious proprioception from IL LE)
Lateral spinothalamic tract (neospinothalamic - ascending axons from CL lamina V transmitting fast, sharp pain. Spinolimbic tract - dull, poorly localized pain)

58
Q

Dorsal funiculus

A

separated into fasciculus gracilus and cuneatus

59
Q

Substantia gelatinosa

A

lamina II, release GABA and enkephalon which inhibit pain transmission. Or can stimulate pain (substance P). Gate theory of pain

60
Q

Ventral lateral gray horn

A

Motor neurons to extremities

61
Q

Fasciculus gracilus

A

IL 2 point discrimination, vibration, fine discriminatory touch, and position sense. Located at T6 and above

62
Q

Fasciculus gracilus

A

IL 2 point discrimination, vibration, fine discriminatory touch, and position sense of lower trunk/extremities

63
Q

Fasciculus cuneatus

A

IL 2 point discrimination, fine discriminatory touch, position sense of UE

64
Q

Nucleus cuneatus

A

Located at T6 and above (UE), ascending axons transmit IL 2 point discrimination, fine discriminatory touch, position sense of UE

65
Q

Nucleus gracilus

A

Located throughout SC (LE), ascending axons transmit IL 2 point discrimination, fine discriminatory touch, position sense of UE

66
Q

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

A

Cell bodies of CN V

67
Q

Spinal trigeminal tract

A

Convey pain, temperature, and crude touch to IL face

68
Q

Medial lemniscus

A

Axons from nucleus gracilus and cuneatus CROSS to form this

69
Q

Inferior olivary nucleus

A

Relay stations between the cortex/brainstem and the cerebellum and participate in allowing smooth coordinated movement

70
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

Dorsal spinocerebellar tract, cuneocerebellar tract, vestibular nuclei, olivocerebellar tract (contains afferents and efferents)

71
Q

Dentate nuclei of cerebellum

A

Denatorubrothalamic tract - deep nuclei of cerebellum

72
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle

A

in level of the pons, pathways for dentatorubrospinal tract, can synapse on red nucleus or go onto the thalamus, helps connect cerebellum to the thalamus

73
Q

Abducens nucleus

A

Cell bodies of CN VI

74
Q

Facial colliculus

A

Formed by abducens nucleus and motor fibers of CN VII

75
Q

Facial colliculus

A

Formed by abducens nucleus and motor fibers of CN VII

76
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle

A

Afferents only; pontocerebellar tract (motor)

77
Q

Periaqueductal gray area

A

Involved in pain modulation, may coordinate somatic & ANS reactions to pain and emotions

78
Q

Periaqueductal gray area

A

Involved in pain modulation, may coordinate somatic & ANS reactions to pain and emotions

79
Q

Trochlear nucleus

A

cell bodies of CN IV, axons end up innervating superior oblique muscle only CN that exits dorsally. Functionally important when looking down at ground

80
Q

Oculomtor nucleus

A

CN III

81
Q

Red nuclei

A

Rubrospinal tract (tonic stimulation of neck and UE flexor muscles), relay station between cerebellum and thalamus

82
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Implicated with loss of dopamine in Parkinson’s - synthesizes dopamine

83
Q

Anterior limb of internal capsule

A

contains thalamocortical (sensory-pain, temp) fibers

84
Q

Putamen

A

Relay station between caudate and globus pallidus

85
Q

Caudate nucleus

A

Projects to putamen, destructive lesion causes apathy, excessive activity, obsessive/compulsive

86
Q

Posterior limb of internal capsule

A

Contain corticopontine and corticospinal fibers, funnels into cerebral peduncle

87
Q

Globus pallidus

A

Principle source of efferent fibers coming from corpus striatum

88
Q

Amygdala

A

Helps regulate sexual behavior, food/water intake, assigns emotional aspects to sensory stimuli

89
Q

Claustrum

A

Dark area that divides extreme and external capsules

90
Q

Infundibular stalk

A

Hypothalamus to pituitary gland connection - stimulate/inhibit hormone release from pituitary

91
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

motor cortex into brainstem. Webers Syndrome = tumor/lesion affecting cerebral peduncle

92
Q

Anterior cerebral artery

A

Supplies motor/sensory to CL LE, corpus striatum, medial aspects of frontal and parietal lobes, corpus callosum

93
Q

Pericallosal artery

A

In callosal sulcus over top of corpus callosum, supplies corpus callosum

94
Q

Callosomarginal artery

A

over top of cingulate gyrus; more superior than pericallosal; supplies paracentral lobule

95
Q

Carotid artery

A

Contains baroreceptors of CN IX

96
Q

Posterior communicating artery

A

Blood supply to thalamus, connects ICA to PCA

97
Q

Superior sagittal sinus

A

Connects superior sagittal sinus to straight sinus. Contains CSF and blood

98
Q

Inferior cerebral vein

A

Connects external cerebral veins to sinuses

99
Q

Basal vein of Rosenthal

A

An internal cerebral vein

100
Q

Great cerebral vein of Galen

A

is an internal cerebral vein. Drains to straight sinus

101
Q

Straight sinus

A

Connects inferior sagittal to transverse sinus. Contains CSF and blood

102
Q

Transverse sinus

A

Connects straight sinus to sigmoid sinus

103
Q

Superior sagittal sinus

A

Drains cerebral veins into inferior sagittal sinus

104
Q

Middle cerebral vein

A

Internal cerebral vein

105
Q

Cerebral veins

A

Internal to external. Drain cerebral blood into sinuses

106
Q

Sigmoid sinus

A

Drains CSF and blood from transverse sinus into internal jugular vein

Anatomy 2 (11 decks)

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