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Anatomy 2 > Lab Exam 2 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyrus

A 
Judgement
Rational Thinking 
Projection into future 
Social behavior
Motivation
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2
Q

Post central gyrus

A

Primary sensory station

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3
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

Primary motor station

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4
Q

Superior parietal lobule

A

Sensory associational cortex (asteroagnosis)

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5
Q

Superior temporal gyrus

A

Primary auditory area on superior surface (Wernicke’s area)

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6
Q

Supramarginal gyrus

A

Integrates kinesthetic memories with auditory commands

lesion = ideomotor apraxia

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7
Q

Angular gyrus

A

Integrates visual, tactile, and auditory information (lesion = alexia and agraphia)

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8
Q

Insula

A

Localization of pain and provides an emotionally relevant context to sensory experiences

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9
Q

Parahippocampal gyrus

A

Contains hippocampus which is responsible for memory

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10
Q

Uncus

A

Can push into cerebral peduncle if there is a space occupying lesion, if they have an uncal seizure they will have an odd smell beforehand

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11
Q

Optic tract

A

After crossing of optic nerve at optic chiasm

Lesion = homonymous hemianopsia

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12
Q

Optic chiasm

A

Crossing of the optic nerves (lesion = bitemporal hemianopsia)

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13
Q

Optic nerve

A

CN II (lesion = monocular blindness)

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14
Q

Orbital gyri

A

personality, emotions, and behavior (inferior surface of frontal lobe)

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15
Q

Olfactory tract/bulb

A

CN I, smell

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16
Q

Infundibular stem

A

Connection of hypothalamus to pituitary gland

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17
Q

Tuber cinerum

A

In hypothalamus, produced pituitary hormones

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18
Q

Mammilary bodies

A

Interconnects limbic system with hypothalamus

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19
Q

Occipitotemporal gyrus

A

Visual association

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20
Q

Oculomotor nerve

A

CN III
Somatic - innervates eye muscles besides LR and SO
Visceral - ciliary muscles and pupillary constrictors
Lesion - ipsilateral opthalomoplegia (unopposed LR, dilate pupils, ptosis)

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21
Q

Facial nerve

A

CN VII
Motor to face and salivary
Somatic - aids in communication, chewing, drinking, dampens sound, protect aid, aid in breathing through nose
Visceral motor - innervates lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual
Special sensory - taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

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22
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

CN VII
Vestibular division - balance/equilibrium
Cochlear division - hearing
Lesion = BPPV, neuritis, Meinere’s neuroma, vertigo

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23
Q

Vagus nerve

A

CN X

GI motility, organs, throat, and palate muscles aortic baroreceptors

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24
Q

Olive

A

Location of inferior olivary nucleus (motor relay station to cerebellum)

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25
Hypoglossal nerve
``` CN XII Tongue muscles (bilateral protrudes tongue, unilateral contraction produces CL deviation of tongue) ```
26
Pyramids
Motor fibers that have crossed the spinal cord
27
Pyramidal decussation
Motor crossing in medulla (88% of LCS fibers cross to form LCST in lateral funiculus of SC)
28
Flocculus
Flocculondular lobe for vestibocerebellar system (balance)
29
Cerebellar tonsils
Paravermal area, muscle synergy
30
Trigeminal nerve
Sensory to CL face
31
Medulla
Respiratory, CV center
32
Posterior commissure
Pre-tectal neurons cross (pupillary light reflex)
33
Hypothalamus
Thermoregulatory center, ANS, release pituitary hormones
34
Thalamus
Motor and sensory relay station
35
Corpus Callosum
Connects two hemispheres
36
Interventricular foramen of Monro
Between lateral ventricles
37
Cingulate gyrus
Involved in emotion
38
Fornix
Afferent to hypothalamus | Efferent and afferent to limbic
39
Paracentral lobule
Primary sensory cortex that receives input from CL lower extremity
40
Precuneus
Sensory associational area
41
Cuneus
Sees CL inferior visual field (R sees inferior L visual field)
42
Lingual gyrus
Sees CL superior visual field (R sees superior L visual field)
43
Parietooccipital sulucs
Separates the parietal from the occipital lobe
44
Fourth ventricle
Lined by ependymal cells, ependymoma, could be source of hydrocephalus
45
Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
3rd to 4th ventricle
46
Superior colliculi
Head and UE, involuntary and voluntary movements of eye | Some axons from optic tract synapse here for reflexive head/neck movements toward light
47
Inferior colliculi
Relay station for auditory info, sound localization
48
Pineal gland
Produces melatonin, sleep cycle
49
Brachium of inferior and superior colliculi
Superior to lateral geniculate nucleus, inferior colliculis to medial geniculate nucleus
50
Vagal trigone
Bulged areas of the floor of the 4th ventricle because you have the nucleiof the vagus nerve
51
Hypoglossal trigone
Bulged areas of the floor of 4th ventricle because you have the nuclei of the hypoglossal nerve
52
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Major afferent input into cerebellum and part of pontocerebellar system (fine motor movements)
53
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Relay station for visual system
54
Abducens nerve
Innervates the IL lateral rectus
55
Ventral medial gray horn
Motor neurons to trunk musculature
56
Ventral funiculus
``` Contains ventral (medial) corticospinal tract - Descending axons from IL pre-motor and pre-central gyri. Motor neurons to CL trunk/proximal limb musculature Ventral spinothalamic tract - ascending axons from CL nucleus proprious that transmits general tactile/crude/course touch from CL side of the body ```
57
Lateral funiculus
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract (unconscious/conscious proprioception from IL LE) Lateral spinothalamic tract (neospinothalamic - ascending axons from CL lamina V transmitting fast, sharp pain. Spinolimbic tract - dull, poorly localized pain)
58
Dorsal funiculus
separated into fasciculus gracilus and cuneatus
59
Substantia gelatinosa
lamina II, release GABA and enkephalon which inhibit pain transmission. Or can stimulate pain (substance P). Gate theory of pain
60
Ventral lateral gray horn
Motor neurons to extremities
61
Fasciculus gracilus
IL 2 point discrimination, vibration, fine discriminatory touch, and position sense. Located at T6 and above
62
Fasciculus gracilus
IL 2 point discrimination, vibration, fine discriminatory touch, and position sense of lower trunk/extremities
63
Fasciculus cuneatus
IL 2 point discrimination, fine discriminatory touch, position sense of UE
64
Nucleus cuneatus
Located at T6 and above (UE), ascending axons transmit IL 2 point discrimination, fine discriminatory touch, position sense of UE
65
Nucleus gracilus
Located throughout SC (LE), ascending axons transmit IL 2 point discrimination, fine discriminatory touch, position sense of UE
66
Spinal trigeminal nucleus
Cell bodies of CN V
67
Spinal trigeminal tract
Convey pain, temperature, and crude touch to IL face
68
Medial lemniscus
Axons from nucleus gracilus and cuneatus CROSS to form this
69
Inferior olivary nucleus
Relay stations between the cortex/brainstem and the cerebellum and participate in allowing smooth coordinated movement
70
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract, cuneocerebellar tract, vestibular nuclei, olivocerebellar tract (contains afferents and efferents)
71
Dentate nuclei of cerebellum
Denatorubrothalamic tract - deep nuclei of cerebellum
72
Superior cerebellar peduncle
in level of the pons, pathways for dentatorubrospinal tract, can synapse on red nucleus or go onto the thalamus, helps connect cerebellum to the thalamus
73
Abducens nucleus
Cell bodies of CN VI
74
Facial colliculus
Formed by abducens nucleus and motor fibers of CN VII
75
Facial colliculus
Formed by abducens nucleus and motor fibers of CN VII
76
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Afferents only; pontocerebellar tract (motor)
77
Periaqueductal gray area
Involved in pain modulation, may coordinate somatic & ANS reactions to pain and emotions
78
Periaqueductal gray area
Involved in pain modulation, may coordinate somatic & ANS reactions to pain and emotions
79
Trochlear nucleus
cell bodies of CN IV, axons end up innervating superior oblique muscle only CN that exits dorsally. Functionally important when looking down at ground
80
Oculomtor nucleus
CN III
81
Red nuclei
Rubrospinal tract (tonic stimulation of neck and UE flexor muscles), relay station between cerebellum and thalamus
82
Substantia nigra
Implicated with loss of dopamine in Parkinson's - synthesizes dopamine
83
Anterior limb of internal capsule
contains thalamocortical (sensory-pain, temp) fibers
84
Putamen
Relay station between caudate and globus pallidus
85
Caudate nucleus
Projects to putamen, destructive lesion causes apathy, excessive activity, obsessive/compulsive
86
Posterior limb of internal capsule
Contain corticopontine and corticospinal fibers, funnels into cerebral peduncle
87
Globus pallidus
Principle source of efferent fibers coming from corpus striatum
88
Amygdala
Helps regulate sexual behavior, food/water intake, assigns emotional aspects to sensory stimuli
89
Claustrum
Dark area that divides extreme and external capsules
90
Infundibular stalk
Hypothalamus to pituitary gland connection - stimulate/inhibit hormone release from pituitary
91
Cerebral peduncles
motor cortex into brainstem. Webers Syndrome = tumor/lesion affecting cerebral peduncle
92
Anterior cerebral artery
Supplies motor/sensory to CL LE, corpus striatum, medial aspects of frontal and parietal lobes, corpus callosum
93
Pericallosal artery
In callosal sulcus over top of corpus callosum, supplies corpus callosum
94
Callosomarginal artery
over top of cingulate gyrus; more superior than pericallosal; supplies paracentral lobule
95
Carotid artery
Contains baroreceptors of CN IX
96
Posterior communicating artery
Blood supply to thalamus, connects ICA to PCA
97
Superior sagittal sinus
Connects superior sagittal sinus to straight sinus. Contains CSF and blood
98
Inferior cerebral vein
Connects external cerebral veins to sinuses
99
Basal vein of Rosenthal
An internal cerebral vein
100
Great cerebral vein of Galen
is an internal cerebral vein. Drains to straight sinus
101
Straight sinus
Connects inferior sagittal to transverse sinus. Contains CSF and blood
102
Transverse sinus
Connects straight sinus to sigmoid sinus
103
Superior sagittal sinus
Drains cerebral veins into inferior sagittal sinus
104
Middle cerebral vein
Internal cerebral vein
105
Cerebral veins
Internal to external. Drain cerebral blood into sinuses
106
Sigmoid sinus
Drains CSF and blood from transverse sinus into internal jugular vein

Anatomy 2 (11 decks)

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