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Anatomy 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Division of trophoblast

A

Cytotrophoblast and synctiotrophoblast

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1
Q

Blastocyst divides into 2 sections

A

Embryoblast (inner) and trophoblast (outer)

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2
Q

Division of embryoblast

A

Hypoblast (ventral) and epiblast (dorsal)

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3
Q

Amniotic cavity

A

Between epiblast and trophoblast

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4
Q

Primary yolk sac forms from which cells

A

Hypoblast

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5
Q

Chorionic cavity formed from

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm splitting

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6
Q

Endoderm becomes

A

Gut and gut derivatives

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7
Q

Paraxial mesoderm

A

Gives rise to somites which give rise to the axial skeleton and skeletal muscle of the neck, body wall, and limbs

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8
Q

Intermediate cell mesoderm

A

Urinary system and part of genital system

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9
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm

A

Ventral - splanchnic mesoderm

Dorsal - somatic mesoderm

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10
Q

Cranial neuropore closure

A

Day 24

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11
Q

Caudal neuropore closure

A

Day 26

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12
Q

When heart begins to beat

A

Day 21 or 22

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13
Q

Embryonic folding in cephalic region

A

Day 22

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14
Q

Embryonic folding in caudal region

A

Day 23

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15
Q

Sclerotome will develop into

A

Vertebrae

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16
Q

Dorsal epimere

A

Epiaxial muscles - muscles of back

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17
Q

Ventral hypomere

A

Hypaxial muscles - muscles of abdomen and thorax

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18
Q

Most critical time of development

A

4-8 weeks because organogenesis

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19
Q

Fetal period

A

8 weeks - birth

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20
Q

Gestation

A

38 weeks from fertilization or 40 weeks from last menstrual period

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21
Q

Oligohydraminos

A

Decrease in the amount of amniotic fluid

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22
Q

Amniocentesis

A

14-16 weeks gestation

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23
Q

Chorionic villus sampling

A

10-12 weeks gestation

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24
Triple and quadrupole screen/AFP
16-18 weeks gestation
25
Sinus venosus and two horns
Inflow end L horn = coronary sinus R horn = r atrium
26
Primitive atrium
Parts of both atria
27
Primitive ventricle
Left ventricle
28
Bulbus cordis
Right ventricle and parts of outflow tracts for aorta and pulmonary trunk
29
Placenta previa
Placenta is blocking birth canal
30
Acyanotic heart conditions
VSD ASD Patent ductus arteriosus
31
Cyanotic heart conditions
Tetralogy of fallot Transposition of great arteries Hypoplastic left sided heart syndrome
32
Tetralogy of fallot
Pulmonary stenosis VSD Overriding aorta Hypertrophy of right ventricle
33
Structures in foregut and what supplies them
Pharynx Esophagus Stomach upper duodenum Supplied by - celiac trunk
34
Structures in midgut and what supplies them
Inferior duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, right 2/3 of transverse Supplied by superior mesenteric
35
Structures in hindgut and what supplies them
``` Left 1/3 of transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Supplied by: inferior mesenteric ```
36
Buds from proximal duodenum give rise to
Liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
37
Where does spleen develop from
Mesoderm
38
Sclerotome develops into
Vertebra and ribs
39
Ventral somite cells
Vertebral body
40
Dorsal somite cells
Vertebral arch and spinous processes
41
Lateral somite cells
Transverse process and ribs
42
Primary myotubes
Type 1 slow twitch fibers
43
Secondary myotubes
Form type 2 fast twitch fibers
44
Upper limb buds visible by day
24
45
Lower limb buds visible by day
28
46
Dorsal muscles mass action
UE - extensors and Supinators | LE - extension and abduction
47
Ventral muscle mass actions
UE - flex and pronate | LE - flex and adduct
48
Rotation of upper limb
Lateral rotation
49
Lower limb rotation
Medial rotation
50
Meromelia
absence of part of limb
51
Amelia
Absence of one or more limbs
52
Hemimelia
Absence of one of the paired bones
53
Phocomelia
Short ill formed upper or lower limbs
54
Polydactyly
Presence of extra digits
55
Syndactyly
Fusion of digits
56
Adactyly
Absence of all digits on a limb
57
Amniotic band syndrome
Bands constrict limb and digits
58
Achondroplasia
Autosomal dominant disorder where there is a defect converting cartilage to bone
59
3 primary brain vesicles
Prosencephalon - forebrain Mesencephalon - midbrain Rhombencephalon - hindbrain
60
Secondary brain vesicles
``` Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Metencephalon Myencephalon ```
61
Telencephalon becomes
Cerebral hemisphere
62
Diencephalon becomes
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
63
Metencephalon becomes
Pons and cerebellum
64
Myencephalon becomes
Medulla oblongata
65
Cavity of telencephalon becomes
Paired lateral ventricles
66
Cavity of diencephalon
Becomes third ventricle
67
Cavity of mesencephalon becomes
Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius
68
Cavity of rhombencephalon becomes
4th ventricle
69
Cells that produce CSF
Ependymal cells
70
Function of medulla oblongata
Regulates respiration, heart beat, and reflexes
71
Function of thalamus
Relay center for cerebral cortex
72
Function of hypothalamus
Regulates endocrine activity of the pituitary gland and autonomic responses (emotional state and level of arousal)
73
Embryonic stage of lung development
Three branching rounds : two lungs, lung lobes, and bronchopulmonary segments
74
Pseudoglandular stage of lung development
Terminal bronchioles
75
Canalicular stage of lung development
Respiratory bronchioles
76
Saccular stage of lung development
Respiratory bronchioles subdivide into terminal sacs
77
Alveolar
Alveoli mature
78
Meconium
First feces thick, greenish black, and sticky

Anatomy 2 (11 decks)

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