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Anatomy 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Division of trophoblast

A

Cytotrophoblast and synctiotrophoblast

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1
Q

Blastocyst divides into 2 sections

A

Embryoblast (inner) and trophoblast (outer)

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2
Q

Division of embryoblast

A

Hypoblast (ventral) and epiblast (dorsal)

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3
Q

Amniotic cavity

A

Between epiblast and trophoblast

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4
Q

Primary yolk sac forms from which cells

A

Hypoblast

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5
Q

Chorionic cavity formed from

A

Extraembryonic mesoderm splitting

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6
Q

Endoderm becomes

A

Gut and gut derivatives

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7
Q

Paraxial mesoderm

A

Gives rise to somites which give rise to the axial skeleton and skeletal muscle of the neck, body wall, and limbs

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8
Q

Intermediate cell mesoderm

A

Urinary system and part of genital system

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9
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm

A

Ventral - splanchnic mesoderm

Dorsal - somatic mesoderm

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10
Q

Cranial neuropore closure

A

Day 24

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11
Q

Caudal neuropore closure

A

Day 26

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12
Q

When heart begins to beat

A

Day 21 or 22

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13
Q

Embryonic folding in cephalic region

A

Day 22

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14
Q

Embryonic folding in caudal region

A

Day 23

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15
Q

Sclerotome will develop into

A

Vertebrae

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16
Q

Dorsal epimere

A

Epiaxial muscles - muscles of back

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17
Q

Ventral hypomere

A

Hypaxial muscles - muscles of abdomen and thorax

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18
Q

Most critical time of development

A

4-8 weeks because organogenesis

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19
Q

Fetal period

A

8 weeks - birth

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20
Q

Gestation

A

38 weeks from fertilization or 40 weeks from last menstrual period

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21
Q

Oligohydraminos

A

Decrease in the amount of amniotic fluid

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22
Q

Amniocentesis

A

14-16 weeks gestation

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23
Q

Chorionic villus sampling

A

10-12 weeks gestation

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24
Q

Triple and quadrupole screen/AFP

A

16-18 weeks gestation

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25
Q

Sinus venosus and two horns

A

Inflow end
L horn = coronary sinus
R horn = r atrium

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26
Q

Primitive atrium

A

Parts of both atria

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27
Q

Primitive ventricle

A

Left ventricle

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28
Q

Bulbus cordis

A

Right ventricle and parts of outflow tracts for aorta and pulmonary trunk

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29
Q

Placenta previa

A

Placenta is blocking birth canal

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30
Q

Acyanotic heart conditions

A

VSD
ASD
Patent ductus arteriosus

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31
Q

Cyanotic heart conditions

A

Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition of great arteries
Hypoplastic left sided heart syndrome

32
Q

Tetralogy of fallot

A

Pulmonary stenosis
VSD
Overriding aorta
Hypertrophy of right ventricle

33
Q

Structures in foregut and what supplies them

A

Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach upper duodenum
Supplied by - celiac trunk

34
Q

Structures in midgut and what supplies them

A

Inferior duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, right 2/3 of transverse

Supplied by superior mesenteric

35
Q

Structures in hindgut and what supplies them

A 
Left 1/3 of transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum 
Supplied by: inferior mesenteric
36
Q

Buds from proximal duodenum give rise to

A

Liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

37
Q

Where does spleen develop from

38
Q

Sclerotome develops into

A

Vertebra and ribs

39
Q

Ventral somite cells

A

Vertebral body

40
Q

Dorsal somite cells

A

Vertebral arch and spinous processes

41
Q

Lateral somite cells

A

Transverse process and ribs

42
Q

Primary myotubes

A

Type 1 slow twitch fibers

43
Q

Secondary myotubes

A

Form type 2 fast twitch fibers

44
Q

Upper limb buds visible by day

45
Q

Lower limb buds visible by day

46
Q

Dorsal muscles mass action

A

UE - extensors and Supinators

LE - extension and abduction

47
Q

Ventral muscle mass actions

A

UE - flex and pronate

LE - flex and adduct

48
Q

Rotation of upper limb

A

Lateral rotation

49
Q

Lower limb rotation

A

Medial rotation

50
Q

Meromelia

A

absence of part of limb

51
Q

Amelia

A

Absence of one or more limbs

52
Q

Hemimelia

A

Absence of one of the paired bones

53
Q

Phocomelia

A

Short ill formed upper or lower limbs

54
Q

Polydactyly

A

Presence of extra digits

55
Q

Syndactyly

A

Fusion of digits

56
Q

Adactyly

A

Absence of all digits on a limb

57
Q

Amniotic band syndrome

A

Bands constrict limb and digits

58
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Autosomal dominant disorder where there is a defect converting cartilage to bone

59
Q

3 primary brain vesicles

A

Prosencephalon - forebrain
Mesencephalon - midbrain
Rhombencephalon - hindbrain

60
Q

Secondary brain vesicles

A 
Telencephalon 
Diencephalon 
Mesencephalon 
Metencephalon 
Myencephalon
61
Q

Telencephalon becomes

A

Cerebral hemisphere

62
Q

Diencephalon becomes

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

63
Q

Metencephalon becomes

A

Pons and cerebellum

64
Q

Myencephalon becomes

A

Medulla oblongata

65
Q

Cavity of telencephalon becomes

A

Paired lateral ventricles

66
Q

Cavity of diencephalon

A

Becomes third ventricle

67
Q

Cavity of mesencephalon becomes

A

Cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

68
Q

Cavity of rhombencephalon becomes

A

4th ventricle

69
Q

Cells that produce CSF

A

Ependymal cells

70
Q

Function of medulla oblongata

A

Regulates respiration, heart beat, and reflexes

71
Q

Function of thalamus

A

Relay center for cerebral cortex

72
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

Regulates endocrine activity of the pituitary gland and autonomic responses (emotional state and level of arousal)

73
Q

Embryonic stage of lung development

A

Three branching rounds : two lungs, lung lobes, and bronchopulmonary segments

74
Q

Pseudoglandular stage of lung development

A

Terminal bronchioles

75
Q

Canalicular stage of lung development

A

Respiratory bronchioles

76
Q

Saccular stage of lung development

A

Respiratory bronchioles subdivide into terminal sacs

77
Q

Alveolar

A

Alveoli mature

78
Q

Meconium

A

First feces thick, greenish black, and sticky

Anatomy 2 (11 decks)

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