Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy 2 > Exam 8 > Flashcards

Exam 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Common etiologies of CVA

A 
Thrombus 
Embolism 
Hemorrhage 
TIA
Encephalomacia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Reason for flaccidity in CVA

A

Abrupt disconnections of UMN and LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diaschisis

A

Term used to indicate disconnect - loss of function of damaged brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reason for Motor/Sensory loss of LE in CVA

A

CL paracentral lobule

CL anterior cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reasons for Motor/Sensory loss in UE in CVA

A

CL pre and post central gyri

CL middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Paresis

A

Weakness or loss of voluntary movement. Slight or incomplete paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reason for spasticity in CVA

A

Disinhibition of reticulospinal tract causing excessive muscular contraction of muscles involved in synergistic pattern (normally inhibited). Also increased number of weak actin/myosin bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

UE synergistic pattern

A

scap retraction, shoulder add/ir, elbow flexion, forearm pronation, wrist/finger flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LE synergstic pattern

A

hip add/ext/ir, knee ext, ankle PF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Reasons for synergy patterns in CVA

A

decreased corticospinal input on LMN & unopposed vestibulospinal, rubrospinal, and reticulospinal input on LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reasons for synergy patterns in CVA

A

decreased corticospinal input on LMN & unopposed vestibulospinal, rubrospinal, and reticulospinal input on LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reasons for abnormal reflexes in CVA

A

Release of normal inhibition by UMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Signs of abnormal reflexes in CVA

A

Hyperreflexia of deep tendon spindles
Return of cutaneous reflexes (Babinski)
Return of tonic reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Signs of abnormal reflexes in CVA

A

Hyperreflexia of deep tendon spindles
Return of cutaneous reflexes (Babinski)
Return of tonic reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Flaccid dysarthria

A

Damage to LMN involved in speech

Stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ataxic dysarthria

A

Cerebellar disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hypokinetic dysarthria

A

Lesion of substantia nigra

Parkinson’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hyperkinetic dysartrhia

A

Lesion of basal ganglia

Huntington’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hyperkinetic dysartrhia

A

Lesion of basal ganglia

Huntington’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Contraversive pushing

A

Patient pushes toward paretic side. Often involved in lesion of thalamus and/or right sided cortical lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Perseveration

A

Continued repetition of words. Caused by lesion of premotor and prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Perseveration

A

Continued repetition of words. Caused by lesion of premotor and prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Left CVA (Right hemiparesis)

A

Difficulties in communication and processing information in a sequential manner
Cautious, anxious, and disorganized
Hesitant to try new tasks
Realistic regarding their dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Right CVA (Left hemiparesis)

A

Difficulty grasping the whole idea of a task
Quick and impulsive
Overestimate their abilities
Safety of more concern with these patients

25
Signs and Symptoms of Right CVA (Left hemiparesis)
Difficulty grasping the whole idea of a task Quick and impulsive Overestimate their abilities Safety of more concern with these patients
26
Early warning signs of CVA
``` Sudden N/T in face and/or extremities Sudden confusion and trouble sleeping Sudden difficulty seeing out of one eye Sudden dizziness and LOB Sudden severe headache ```
27
What does FAST mean in CVA
Facial Droop Arm Weakness Speech Difficulty Time to call 911
28
Ischemic umbra
Core area of irreversible neuronal damage
29
Ischemic penumbra
Peripheral area of damaged neurons
30
Lacunar strokes
Can affect neuronal cell bodies in cerebrum or internal capsule
31
Lacunar strokes
Can affect neuronal cell bodies in cerebrum or internal capsule
32
Causes of MS
De-myelination of axons in CNS | Could be due to immune reaction triggered by viral infection
33
Causes of MS
De-myelination of axons in CNS | Could be due to immune reaction triggered by viral infection
34
Lhermitte's sign
electric shock like pain down spine during flexion of neck
35
Lhermitte's sign
electric shock like pain down spine during flexion of neck
36
Often first sign of MS
Optic neuritis - inflammation and demyelination of the optic nerve
37
Dysesthesias
Burning/aching
38
Allodynia
Light touch causes pain
39
Trigeminal neuralgia
Sharp, stabbing pain in face during eating or shaving
40
Trigeminal neuralgia
Sharp, stabbing pain in face during eating or shaving
41
Symptoms of optic neuritis
``` Pain posterior to eye with movement Blurred vision Scotomas (blind spots) Difficulty seeing in bright light Difficulty seeing objects of low contrast ```
42
Symptoms of optic neuritis
``` Pain posterior to eye with movement Blurred vision Scotomas (blind spots) Difficulty seeing in bright light Difficulty seeing objects of low contrast ```
43
Relapsing/remitting MS
Onset of signs and symptoms with either full or partial recovery followed by periods of no progression of the disease
44
Benign MS
Deficits are always resolved between episodes
45
Secondary progressive MS
Initial relapsing/remitting course followed by progressive course
46
Primary progressive MS
Disease progresses consistently from initial onset
47
Progressive relapsing
Progressive decline with episodes of increased symptoms
48
Diagnosis of MS
Evidence of plaques in at least 2 distinct areas which occurred at different points in time Two or more attacks of MS signs/symptoms during 2 time periods
49
Diagnosis of MS
Evidence of plaques in at least 2 distinct areas which occurred at different points in time Two or more attacks of MS signs/symptoms during 2 time periods
50
Cause of ALS
Degeneration of motor neurons in lateral gray horn of spinal cord that leads to loss of innervation of those muscles. Results in UMN & LMN signs/sxs
51
Signs of UMN lesion
Spasticity, hyperreflexia, dysartria, dysphagia, cognitive impairments, sialorrhea (drooling)
52
Signs of LMN Lesion
weakness/atrophy, faciculations, respiratory impairments
53
Associational fibers of subcortical white matter
Connect area in same hemisphere (allow hemisphere to function as an integrated whole)
54
Superior longitudinal fasiculus
Connect Wernicke's and Broca's area
55
Commissural fibers of subcortical white matter
Interconnect hemispheres | Corpus callosum, anterior commissure, posterior commissure
56
Projection Fibers
Descending fibers: corticospinal, corticobulbar, and corticopontine fibers Ascending fibers: thalamocortico fibers
57
Pseudobulbar Palsy
An upper motor neuron lesion to the corticobulbar fibers in the internal capsule
58
Signs and symptoms of pseudobulbar palsy
Spastic tongue Hyperreflexic jaw and gag reflexes Slow, slurred speech

Anatomy 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions