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Anatomy 2 > Exam 8 > Flashcards

Exam 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Common etiologies of CVA

A 
Thrombus 
Embolism 
Hemorrhage 
TIA
Encephalomacia
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2
Q

Reason for flaccidity in CVA

A

Abrupt disconnections of UMN and LMN

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3
Q

Diaschisis

A

Term used to indicate disconnect - loss of function of damaged brain

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4
Q

Reason for Motor/Sensory loss of LE in CVA

A

CL paracentral lobule

CL anterior cerebral artery

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5
Q

Reasons for Motor/Sensory loss in UE in CVA

A

CL pre and post central gyri

CL middle cerebral artery

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6
Q

Paresis

A

Weakness or loss of voluntary movement. Slight or incomplete paralysis

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7
Q

Reason for spasticity in CVA

A

Disinhibition of reticulospinal tract causing excessive muscular contraction of muscles involved in synergistic pattern (normally inhibited). Also increased number of weak actin/myosin bonds

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8
Q

UE synergistic pattern

A

scap retraction, shoulder add/ir, elbow flexion, forearm pronation, wrist/finger flexion

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9
Q

LE synergstic pattern

A

hip add/ext/ir, knee ext, ankle PF

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10
Q

Reasons for synergy patterns in CVA

A

decreased corticospinal input on LMN & unopposed vestibulospinal, rubrospinal, and reticulospinal input on LMN

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11
Q

Reasons for synergy patterns in CVA

A

decreased corticospinal input on LMN & unopposed vestibulospinal, rubrospinal, and reticulospinal input on LMN

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12
Q

Reasons for abnormal reflexes in CVA

A

Release of normal inhibition by UMN

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13
Q

Signs of abnormal reflexes in CVA

A

Hyperreflexia of deep tendon spindles
Return of cutaneous reflexes (Babinski)
Return of tonic reflexes

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14
Q

Signs of abnormal reflexes in CVA

A

Hyperreflexia of deep tendon spindles
Return of cutaneous reflexes (Babinski)
Return of tonic reflexes

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15
Q

Flaccid dysarthria

A

Damage to LMN involved in speech

Stroke

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16
Q

Ataxic dysarthria

A

Cerebellar disorders

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17
Q

Hypokinetic dysarthria

A

Lesion of substantia nigra

Parkinson’s

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18
Q

Hyperkinetic dysartrhia

A

Lesion of basal ganglia

Huntington’s disease

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19
Q

Hyperkinetic dysartrhia

A

Lesion of basal ganglia

Huntington’s disease

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20
Q

Contraversive pushing

A

Patient pushes toward paretic side. Often involved in lesion of thalamus and/or right sided cortical lesion

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21
Q

Perseveration

A

Continued repetition of words. Caused by lesion of premotor and prefrontal cortex

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22
Q

Perseveration

A

Continued repetition of words. Caused by lesion of premotor and prefrontal cortex

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23
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Left CVA (Right hemiparesis)

A

Difficulties in communication and processing information in a sequential manner
Cautious, anxious, and disorganized
Hesitant to try new tasks
Realistic regarding their dysfunction

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24
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Right CVA (Left hemiparesis)

A

Difficulty grasping the whole idea of a task
Quick and impulsive
Overestimate their abilities
Safety of more concern with these patients

25
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Right CVA (Left hemiparesis)

A

Difficulty grasping the whole idea of a task
Quick and impulsive
Overestimate their abilities
Safety of more concern with these patients

26
Q

Early warning signs of CVA

A 
Sudden N/T in face and/or extremities 
Sudden confusion and trouble sleeping 
Sudden difficulty seeing out of one eye 
Sudden dizziness and LOB
Sudden severe headache
27
Q

What does FAST mean in CVA

A

Facial Droop
Arm Weakness
Speech Difficulty
Time to call 911

28
Q

Ischemic umbra

A

Core area of irreversible neuronal damage

29
Q

Ischemic penumbra

A

Peripheral area of damaged neurons

30
Q

Lacunar strokes

A

Can affect neuronal cell bodies in cerebrum or internal capsule

31
Q

Lacunar strokes

A

Can affect neuronal cell bodies in cerebrum or internal capsule

32
Q

Causes of MS

A

De-myelination of axons in CNS

Could be due to immune reaction triggered by viral infection

33
Q

Causes of MS

A

De-myelination of axons in CNS

Could be due to immune reaction triggered by viral infection

34
Q

Lhermitte’s sign

A

electric shock like pain down spine during flexion of neck

35
Q

Lhermitte’s sign

A

electric shock like pain down spine during flexion of neck

36
Q

Often first sign of MS

A

Optic neuritis - inflammation and demyelination of the optic nerve

37
Q

Dysesthesias

A

Burning/aching

38
Q

Allodynia

A

Light touch causes pain

39
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Sharp, stabbing pain in face during eating or shaving

40
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Sharp, stabbing pain in face during eating or shaving

41
Q

Symptoms of optic neuritis

A 
Pain posterior to eye with movement 
Blurred vision 
Scotomas (blind spots) 
Difficulty seeing in bright light 
Difficulty seeing objects of low contrast
42
Q

Symptoms of optic neuritis

A 
Pain posterior to eye with movement 
Blurred vision 
Scotomas (blind spots) 
Difficulty seeing in bright light 
Difficulty seeing objects of low contrast
43
Q

Relapsing/remitting MS

A

Onset of signs and symptoms with either full or partial recovery followed by periods of no progression of the disease

44
Q

Benign MS

A

Deficits are always resolved between episodes

45
Q

Secondary progressive MS

A

Initial relapsing/remitting course followed by progressive course

46
Q

Primary progressive MS

A

Disease progresses consistently from initial onset

47
Q

Progressive relapsing

A

Progressive decline with episodes of increased symptoms

48
Q

Diagnosis of MS

A

Evidence of plaques in at least 2 distinct areas which occurred at different points in time
Two or more attacks of MS signs/symptoms during 2 time periods

49
Q

Diagnosis of MS

A

Evidence of plaques in at least 2 distinct areas which occurred at different points in time
Two or more attacks of MS signs/symptoms during 2 time periods

50
Q

Cause of ALS

A

Degeneration of motor neurons in lateral gray horn of spinal cord that leads to loss of innervation of those muscles. Results in UMN & LMN signs/sxs

51
Q

Signs of UMN lesion

A

Spasticity, hyperreflexia, dysartria, dysphagia, cognitive impairments, sialorrhea (drooling)

52
Q

Signs of LMN Lesion

A

weakness/atrophy, faciculations, respiratory impairments

53
Q

Associational fibers of subcortical white matter

A

Connect area in same hemisphere (allow hemisphere to function as an integrated whole)

54
Q

Superior longitudinal fasiculus

A

Connect Wernicke’s and Broca’s area

55
Q

Commissural fibers of subcortical white matter

A

Interconnect hemispheres

Corpus callosum, anterior commissure, posterior commissure

56
Q

Projection Fibers

A

Descending fibers: corticospinal, corticobulbar, and corticopontine fibers
Ascending fibers: thalamocortico fibers

57
Q

Pseudobulbar Palsy

A

An upper motor neuron lesion to the corticobulbar fibers in the internal capsule

58
Q

Signs and symptoms of pseudobulbar palsy

A

Spastic tongue
Hyperreflexic jaw and gag reflexes
Slow, slurred speech

Anatomy 2 (11 decks)

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