Exam 6

Question 1

Tests for conscious and unconscious proprioception

Answer 1

Awareness of limb position and movement

Rhomberg test

Question 2

3 layers of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 2

Molecular layer
Purkinjie cell layer
Granule cell layer

Question 3

Purkinjie cell layer

Answer 3

Output from the cortex

Question 4

Granule cell layer

Answer 4

Only excitatory cells in the cerebellum

Question 5

Cerebellar white matter

Answer 5

Axons from cerebellar peduncles and Purkinjie cells

Question 6

Deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 6

Axons go out of the cerebellum

Question 7

Vestibulocerebellar system

Answer 7

Receives information from the vestibular system and connects reciprocally with vestibular nuclei
Maintain equilibrium

Question 8

Lesion of vestibuocerebellar system

Answer 8

Trunkal ataxia, poor visual pursuit, nystagmus

Question 9

Spinocerebellar system

Answer 9

Controls muscle tone and synergy of contracting muscles during gait

Question 10

Lesion of spinocerebellar system

Answer 10

LE and gait ataxia, dysarthria, dysmetria

Question 11

Pontocerebellar (neocerebellum) system

Answer 11

Creates smooth coordinated movement

Question 12

Lesion of pontocerebellar

Answer 12

Loss of fine motor skill coordination

Question 13

Cerebellar ataxia

Answer 13

Unable to stand with feet together

Normal vibration sense, proprioception, ankle reflexes

Question 14

Somatosenosry ataxia

Answer 14

Better balance with eyes open
Impaired vibration sense, proprioception, ankle reflexes
No vertigo or nystagmus

Question 15

Vestibular ataxia

Answer 15

Gravity dependent
Balance better with eyes open
Vertigo and nystagmus present

Question 16

Ventral lateral nucleus

Answer 16

Motor relay station for basal ganglia and cerebellum

Question 17

Ventral lateral anterior nucleus

Answer 17

Pre-motor cortex

Question 18

Ventral lateral posterior nucleus

Answer 18

Primary motor cortex

Question 19

Ventral posterior nucleus

Answer 19

Sensory relay station for face/trunk/extremities

Question 20

Ventral posterior medial nucleus

Answer 20

CL face

Question 21

Ventral posterior lateral nucleus

Answer 21

Trunk/extremities

Question 22

Centromedian nucleus

Answer 22

Part of the ascending reticular activating system

Question 23

Reticular nucleus

Answer 23

Regulates information into the thalamus

Question 24

Regulation of the thalamus

Answer 24

Cerebral cortex
Reticular nucleus
Reticular formation

Question 25

Signs of thalamic syndrome

Answer 25

Intractable pain Cl hemianesthesia Cl decrease position sense Cl hemiplegia

Question 26

Essential tremors

Answer 26

Tremors at rest and with movement

Question 27

Supraoptic nucleus

Answer 27

Synthesizes/releases ADH in response to increased osmolarity in blood

Question 28

Lesion in supraoptic nucleus

Answer 28

Diabetes inspidius (increase water intake/thirst and increase excretion dilute urine)

Question 29

Suprachiasmic nucleus

Answer 29

Circadian rhythm center | Increases or decreases amount of melatonin based on light or dark

Question 30

Lateral hypothalamus

Answer 30

Controlled initiation of eating | Hunger center

Question 31

Lesion of lateral hypothalamus

Answer 31

Eating and drinking ceases causing aphagia & adipsia

Question 32

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 32

Controlled inhibition of eating | Satiety center

Question 33

Lesion of ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 33

Overeating (hyperphagia)

Question 34

Arcuate nucleus

Answer 34

Detects concentration of leptin in blood; releases appetite stimulating and inhibiting hormones

Question 35

Leptin

Answer 35

Hormone released by adipose cells

Question 36

Mammillary Body

Answer 36

Interconnects limbic system with hypothalamus

Question 37

Median eminence/tuber cinerum

Answer 37

synthesize/release hormones

Question 38

Afferent neuronal input into hypothalamus

Answer 38

Fornix | Mammillothalamic tract

Question 39

Efferent outflow form hypothalamus

Answer 39

Dorsal longitudinal fasiculus of Schultz

Question 40

Subthalamic nucleus

Answer 40

Innerconnects with other basal ganglia nuclei and is involved in motor control

Question 41

Lesion of subthalamic nucleus

Answer 41

Hemiballismus (involuntary flailing of CL limbs)

Question 42

Posterior commisure

Answer 42

Pupillary light reflex

Question 43

Pineal gland

Answer 43

Secretes melatonin

Question 44

Medial geniculate nucleus

Answer 44

Primary auditory area

Question 45

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 45

Primary visual cortex