Exam 7

Question 1

Layers of the cerebral cortex

Answer 1

Molecular 
External granule 
External pyramidal 
Internal granule
Internal pyramidal 
Multiform

Question 2

Layers 1-4 of cerebral cortex

Answer 2

Supragranular layer
Receives sensory information
1-3 non-specific
4 specific

Question 3

Layer 5 of cerebral cortex

Answer 3

Contains cell bodies of motor neurons

Pyramidal neurons whose axons constitute the corticosponal, corticobulbar, and corticopontine tracts

Question 4

Pre-central gyrus of frontal lobe

Answer 4

Broadmann area #4

Primary motor area

Question 5

Pre-motor area of frontal lobe

Answer 5

Broadmann area #6
Directs the primary motor area in execution of skilled motor activities
Directs movement and planning of movements

Question 6

Primary motor area of frontal lobe

Answer 6

Origin of corticospinal, corticobulbar, and corticopontine neurons

Question 7

Supplementary motor area

Answer 7

Planning and initiation of movement

Question 8

Broca’s motor speech area (frontal lobe)

Answer 8

95% in left hemisphere

Lesion = expressive aphasia

Question 9

Frontal eye field (frontal lobe)

Answer 9

Posterior medial frontal gyrus

Causes voluntary conjugate CL eye movement

Question 10

Voluntary conjugate horizontal eye movement

Answer 10

Innervates CL abducens neurons (right frontal eye field causes eyes to rotate left)

Question 11

Lesion to frontal eye field

Answer 11

Deviation of eyes IL to lesion

Question 12

Brodmann areas 9, 10, 11, 12

Answer 12

Judgement, rational thinking, projection into the future, social behavior and motivation

Question 13

Inferior surface of the frontal lobe

Answer 13

Personality, emotions, and behavior

Question 14

Superior parietal lobule (5,7)

Answer 14

Sensory associational cortex

Astereoagnosis - inability to ID an object by touch

Question 15

Parts of inferior parietal lobule

Answer 15

Supramarginal gyrus

Angular gyrus

Question 16

Supramarginal gyrus

Answer 16

Integrates kinesthetic memories with auditory commands

Lesion: ideomotor apraxia - inability to imitate hand gestures

Question 17

Angular gyrus

Answer 17

Integrates visual, auditory, and tactile information

Lesion: inability to read and write

Question 18

Paracentral lobule of parietal lobe

Answer 18

Sensory input from CL lower extremity

Question 19

Post-central gyrus of parietal lobe

Answer 19

1st somesthetic area (primary sensory area)
Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3
Identifies the location of stimulus and size and shape of objects

Question 20

Superior temporal gyrus

Answer 20

Primary auditory area on superior surface

Wernicke’s area (22)

Question 21

Lesion in Wernicke’s area

Answer 21

receptive aphasia (unable to understand language)

Question 22

Inferior surface of temporal lobe

Answer 22

Occipitotemporal gyrus

Visual association

Question 23

Functions of the Sense of Smell

Answer 23

Increase enjoyment and desire for food
Increase awareness of potentially harmful substances
Communication (pheromones)

Question 24

Anosmia

Answer 24

Loss of sense of smell

Question 25

Hyposmia

Answer 25

Decreased sense of smell

Question 26

Insular lobe

Answer 26

Localization of pain Thought to provide an emotionally relevant context to sensory experiences Also known as Island of Reil

Question 27

Cuneus gyrus of Occipital Lobe

Answer 27

R sees inferior L visual field

Question 28

Lingual gyrus of Occipital Lobe

Answer 28

R sees superior L visual field

Question 29

Brodmann area 17 of occipital lobe

Answer 29

Primary visual cortex - located in walls of the calcarine sulcus and adjacent areas of cuneus and lingual gyri

Question 30

Bordmann areas 18 & 19

Answer 30

Visual association

Question 31

Macular Degeneration

Answer 31

Degeneration of centrally located photoreceptors | Loss of central vision with increasing difficulty with reading, watching TV or recognizing faces

Question 32

Cataracts

Answer 32

Deterioration of the lens | Gradual loss of vision with central vision lost first

Question 33

Glaucoma

Answer 33

Increased intraocular pressure which can compress and cause degeneration of the retina which leads to blindness

Question 34

Horner's syndrome

Answer 34

Damage to sympathetic innervation to eye (pupillary dilator muscle or Mueller's muscle)

Question 35

Left hemisphere

Answer 35

``` Handwriting Calculation Intelligence Rationalization Language comprehension Articulation ```

Question 36

Right hemisphere

Answer 36

``` Drawing/artistic Recognition of faces Intuition Gestures Spatial awareness and shapes of objects ```

Question 37

Signs and symptoms of UMN Lesions

Answer 37

Hyperreflexia No/minimal atrophy Fibrillations Positive Babinski