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Anatomy 2 > Exam 7 > Flashcards

Exam 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the cerebral cortex

A 
Molecular 
External granule 
External pyramidal 
Internal granule
Internal pyramidal 
Multiform
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2
Q

Layers 1-4 of cerebral cortex

A

Supragranular layer
Receives sensory information
1-3 non-specific
4 specific

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3
Q

Layer 5 of cerebral cortex

A

Contains cell bodies of motor neurons

Pyramidal neurons whose axons constitute the corticosponal, corticobulbar, and corticopontine tracts

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4
Q

Pre-central gyrus of frontal lobe

A

Broadmann area #4

Primary motor area

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5
Q

Pre-motor area of frontal lobe

A

Broadmann area #6
Directs the primary motor area in execution of skilled motor activities
Directs movement and planning of movements

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6
Q

Primary motor area of frontal lobe

A

Origin of corticospinal, corticobulbar, and corticopontine neurons

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7
Q

Supplementary motor area

A

Planning and initiation of movement

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8
Q

Broca’s motor speech area (frontal lobe)

A

95% in left hemisphere

Lesion = expressive aphasia

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9
Q

Frontal eye field (frontal lobe)

A

Posterior medial frontal gyrus

Causes voluntary conjugate CL eye movement

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10
Q

Voluntary conjugate horizontal eye movement

A

Innervates CL abducens neurons (right frontal eye field causes eyes to rotate left)

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11
Q

Lesion to frontal eye field

A

Deviation of eyes IL to lesion

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12
Q

Brodmann areas 9, 10, 11, 12

A

Judgement, rational thinking, projection into the future, social behavior and motivation

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13
Q

Inferior surface of the frontal lobe

A

Personality, emotions, and behavior

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14
Q

Superior parietal lobule (5,7)

A

Sensory associational cortex

Astereoagnosis - inability to ID an object by touch

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15
Q

Parts of inferior parietal lobule

A

Supramarginal gyrus

Angular gyrus

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16
Q

Supramarginal gyrus

A

Integrates kinesthetic memories with auditory commands

Lesion: ideomotor apraxia - inability to imitate hand gestures

17
Q

Angular gyrus

A

Integrates visual, auditory, and tactile information

Lesion: inability to read and write

18
Q

Paracentral lobule of parietal lobe

A

Sensory input from CL lower extremity

19
Q

Post-central gyrus of parietal lobe

A

1st somesthetic area (primary sensory area)
Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3
Identifies the location of stimulus and size and shape of objects

20
Q

Superior temporal gyrus

A

Primary auditory area on superior surface

Wernicke’s area (22)

21
Q

Lesion in Wernicke’s area

A

receptive aphasia (unable to understand language)

22
Q

Inferior surface of temporal lobe

A

Occipitotemporal gyrus

Visual association

23
Q

Functions of the Sense of Smell

A

Increase enjoyment and desire for food
Increase awareness of potentially harmful substances
Communication (pheromones)

24
Q

Anosmia

A

Loss of sense of smell

25
Q

Hyposmia

A

Decreased sense of smell

26
Q

Insular lobe

A

Localization of pain
Thought to provide an emotionally relevant context to sensory experiences
Also known as Island of Reil

27
Q

Cuneus gyrus of Occipital Lobe

A

R sees inferior L visual field

28
Q

Lingual gyrus of Occipital Lobe

A

R sees superior L visual field

29
Q

Brodmann area 17 of occipital lobe

A

Primary visual cortex - located in walls of the calcarine sulcus and adjacent areas of cuneus and lingual gyri

30
Q

Bordmann areas 18 & 19

A

Visual association

31
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

Degeneration of centrally located photoreceptors

Loss of central vision with increasing difficulty with reading, watching TV or recognizing faces

32
Q

Cataracts

A

Deterioration of the lens

Gradual loss of vision with central vision lost first

33
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased intraocular pressure which can compress and cause degeneration of the retina which leads to blindness

34
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Damage to sympathetic innervation to eye (pupillary dilator muscle or Mueller’s muscle)

35
Q

Left hemisphere

A 
Handwriting 
Calculation 
Intelligence 
Rationalization 
Language comprehension 
Articulation
36
Q

Right hemisphere

A 
Drawing/artistic
Recognition of faces
Intuition 
Gestures 
Spatial awareness and shapes of objects
37
Q

Signs and symptoms of UMN Lesions

A

Hyperreflexia
No/minimal atrophy
Fibrillations
Positive Babinski

Anatomy 2 (11 decks)

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