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AU Microbiology > Lab Exam > Flashcards

Lab Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Positive result of Catalase test

A

bubbles

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2
Q

substrates of Catalase test

A

Hydrogen peroxide & water

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3
Q

Product of catalase test

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

What is catalase?

A

Enzyme found in organisms that live in oxygen to protect them from oxidative byproducts

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5
Q

Catalase test reaction

A

H2O2–> 2 H2O + O2

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6
Q 
Staphylococcus Aureus 
(gram reaction, shape, arrangement)
A

Gram positive, Cocci, Staphy (clusters)

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7
Q 
Escherichia Coli
(gram reaction, shape, arrangement)
A

Gram Negative, Single Bacilli

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8
Q

Countable plate size

A

30-300 colonies

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9
Q

Individual tube dilution =

A

amt transferred/ transferred +dilutent

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10
Q

Total Tube dilution =

A

product of ind tube dilutions

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11
Q

Total plated dilution =

A

total tube dilution x plated amt

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12
Q

cfu/ml count =

A

colony count x reciprocal of plated dilution

expressed in scientific notation

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13
Q

mordent in gram stain process

A

Gram’s Iodine

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14
Q

decolorizing agent in gram stain

A

ethanol

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15
Q

Primary stain in gram stain

A

Crystal violet

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16
Q

counterstain in Gram stain

A

safranin

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17
Q

Gram stain process

A
  1. Crystal Violet (60 sec)
  2. Rinse with water
  3. Grams Iodine (60 sec)
  4. Rinse with water
  5. Ethanol (8-12 sec)
  6. Rinse with water
  7. Safranin (30 sec)
  8. Rinse with water
  9. Blot with bibulous paper
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18
Q

After Gram stain Gram negative cells appear

A

pink

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19
Q

After gram stain Gram positive cells appear

A

purple

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20
Q

“Staphy-“ arrangement

A

clusters

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21
Q

“Strepto-“ arrangement

A

chains

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22
Q

diplo- arrangment

A

double

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23
Q

tetrad

A

cocci arrangement - cluster of 4

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24
Q

genus identified with Acid-fast staining

A

Mycobacterium

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25
Q

Wax-like, nearly impermeable cell walls of acid-fast organisms contain _____.

A

Mycolic acid

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26
Q

Because of their wall components, acid-fast organism are highly resistant to

A

disinfectants & dry conditions

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27
Q

Primary stain in acid-fast staining

A

carbolfuchsin - lipid soluble & contains phenol which help stain penetrate the cell wall

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28
Q

exoenzymes that lyse red blood cells and degrade hemoglobin

A

hemolysins

Bacteria can produce different types of hemolysins

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29
Q

Three categories of hemolysins

A

alpha hemolysis, beta hemolysis, & gamma hemolysis

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30
Q

beta-hemolysis

A

complete breakdown of the red blood cells and hemoglobin

Displays on blood agar as clear zones surrounding individual colonies

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31
Q

alpha-hemolysis

A

partially breaks down read blood cells

Displays as army green color on blood agar

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32
Q

gamma-hemolysis

A

no breakdown of blood cells

Just looks like normal growth patterns with no clearing of blood

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33
Q

Nutrient Agar ( aka _______) ingredients

A

Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA)

Protein source, water, agar

34
Q

Selective for gram negative organisms

A 
Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) &
MacConkeys Agar (suppresses gram pos)
35
Q

Selective for gram pos organisms

A

Phenyl Alcohol Agar (PEA)

36
Q

Differential for lactose/ sucrose fermenters & non-fermenters

A

Eosin Methylene Blue

37
Q

Differential for lactose fermenters

A

MacConkeys Agar

38
Q

fermenters turn dark deep purple or metallic green

A

Eosin Methylene Blue

39
Q

fermenters turn pink/purple

A

MacConkeys Agar (lactose fermenters)

40
Q

Differential for mannitol fermenters

A

Mannitol Salt Agar

41
Q

Fermenters turn yellow

A

Mannitol Salt Agar (mannitol fermenters)

42
Q

Selective for high salt tolerant organisms

A

Mannitol Salt Agar

43
Q

Escherichia Coli will grow on

A

Tryptic Soy Agar, Eosin Methylene Blue, MacConkeys Agar

44
Q

Staphylococcus Aureus will grow on

A

Tryptic soy agar, Phenyl ethyl Alcohol (PEA), Mannitol Salt Agar

45
Q

Types of selective media

A

EMB - selective for Gram neg
MAC - selective for gram neg
PEA - selective for gram pos
MSA - selective for high salt tolerant organisms

46
Q

Differential Media

A

EMB - lactose and/or sucrose fermenters - green or dark pink
MAC - lactose fermenters - pink
MSA - mannitol fermenters

47
Q

DNAse breaks down _____ to produce ______

A

DNA; nucleotides and nucleic acid chains

48
Q

DNAse test reagent

A

Methyl Green Dye

49
Q

Positive DNAase result

A

clear zone around organism

50
Q

Urease test reagent

A

Phenol Red

51
Q

Urease breaks down _____ and requires _____

A

Urea; water

52
Q

by product of Urea breakdown

A

Ammonia

53
Q

Positive Urease test

A

Bright pink broth

54
Q

Negative Urease test

A

Salmon colored broth

55
Q

4 IMViC tests

A

Indole, Methy Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate

56
Q

Indole testing for what enzyme activity

A

Tryptophanase

57
Q

Tryptophanase breaks down _____ into ______, ______, & _________.

A

Tryptophan –> Pyruvate + Ammonia (NH3) + Indole

58
Q

Indole test reagent

A

Kovac’s reagent

59
Q

Positive Indole test

A

purpley red on top

60
Q

Negative Indole test

A

yellow on top

61
Q

Methyl Red test is a _____

A

pH indicator

62
Q

Methyl Red testing for production of

A

various acids (ie. lactate, formate, acetate

63
Q

Positive Methyl Red test

A

Red = positive for acid production

64
Q

Negative Methyl Red Test

A

Yellow = negative for acid production

65
Q

Voges Proskauer detects production of _______.

A

acetoin

66
Q

Reagents of Voges Proskauer test

A

Alpha-napthol & potassium hydroxide

67
Q

Acetoin is a precursur to

A

2,3 butanediol

68
Q

Positive Voges Proskauer test result

A

Red cloud throughout

69
Q

Negative Voges Proskauer test result

A

no red cloud/ neutral

70
Q

Citrate Agar Slant reagent

A

bromothymol blue

71
Q

What is citrate slate test testing for?

A

Enzyme citrate permease; can organism use citrate as it’s sole carbon source

72
Q

Positive citrate test

A

Blue - alkaline = kreb’s cycle is happening

73
Q

Negative citrate test

A

Green - acidic

74
Q

Malonate Test reagent

A

Bromothymol blue

75
Q

Malonate test is testing for

A

can organism use Malonate as it’s sole carbon source

76
Q

positive malonate test

A

blue

77
Q

negative malonate test

A

green

78
Q

Oxidase test positive result

A

purple swab or paper

79
Q

Oxidase test tests for enzyme

A

cytochrome oxidase

80
Q

Carbohydrate tests/ Fermentation tubes positive for fermentation if

A

tube turns yellow

81
Q

Fermentation tube reagent

A

Phenol Red

AU Microbiology (10 decks)

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