Lab 9 Hind Limbs Learning Objectives Flashcards
palpable bony land marks hindlimb of horse
tuber coxae, tuber sacrale, ischiatic tuberosity
superficial drainage of the hindlimb
medial saphenous vein (cr and cd branches) and lateral saphenous vein to femoral vein
medial saphenous vein
emerges between sartorial and gracilis on medial surface of thigh; bifurcates in proximal part of leg after it runs over stifle into cr and cd branches
cd branch medial saphenous vein
passes cddistally and run sin depression between common calcanea tendon and eep digital flexor to the jock
cr branch medial saphenous vein
continues distally crossing medial surface of tibia and anastomoses with cranial tibial vein at hock, ends on dorsomedial surface of hock by giving rise to dorsal common digital vein
veins in hind limb
femoral, popliteal, cr tibial, medial and lateral plantar
bony landmarks of pelvis
tuber coxae, tuber sacrale, ischiatic tuberosity
- tuber coxae most cr, tuber sacrale most dorsal, ischiatic tiberoslty most cd and ventral
bony landmarks of femur
greater, lesser, and 3rd trochanters
- greater lateral, cr
- lesser medial
- 3rd lateral, ventral
what happens over tarsocrural joint
anastomosis of cr tibial with cr branch of medial saphenous vein
femoral nerve
- saphenous nerve is a branch of large and important femoral nerve
- femoral nerve (L4-L6)
- femoral nerve passes between rectus femoris and vests medals, the cr and medial heads respectively of the quadriceps femoris
- innervates extensor action of quadriceps on the stifle which is essential to support the limb
gracilis attachments and innervation
- proximal attachment along pelvis (iliopubic eminence/ pubis/ symphysis)
- distal attachment to cr tibia and medial patellar ligament
- innervation obturator
adductor attachments and innervation
- proximal attachment along pelvis (iliopubic eminence/ pubis/ symphysis)
- distal attachment distal femur
- innervation obturator nerve
pectineus
- proximal attachment along pelvis (iliopubic eminence/ pubis/ symphysis)
- distal attachment distal femur
- innervation obturator nerve
sartorius
- proximal attachment along pelvis (iliopubic eminence/ pubis/ symphysis)
- distal attachment iliac fascia to medial aspect of stifle
- innervation femoral nerve
adductors
gracilis, adductor, pectineus, sartorius (some adduction)
sartorius fx
some adduction, hip flexion, only one belly unlike dog who has cr and cd belly
quadriceps femoris 4 heads
vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris
quadriceps femoris attachments
- all vastus heads arise from proximal femur
- rectus femoris arises from ilium just cr to acetabulum
- all attach via patellar ligaments to tibial tuberosity
- innervation- via femoral nerve
iliopsoas
- ventral surface of vertebrea (psoas major) and ilium/ sacrum (iliacus) to lesser trochanter
innervation- ventral branches of lumbar nerves/ lumbosacral plexus likely femoral
Superficial gluteal
- tuber coxae/ gluteal fascia to 3rd trochanter
- cr gluteal and cd gluteal nerve
deep gluteal
- ischial spine to greater trochanter
- cr gluteal
middle gluteal
- gluteal surface of ilium to greater trochanter
- cr gluteal
accessory gluteal
- on deep surface of middle gluteal arises form similar region of gluteal surface of ilium as middle gluteal to greater; trochanteric bursa
- cr gluteal
femoral nerve innervates
- iliopsoas (partially)
- sartorius
- quadriceps femoris
femoral triangle
space between the sartorius crly, the pectineus cdly, the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis medially and quadriceps laterally
vascular lacuna
(dorsal) base of the narrow femoral triangle
femoral triangle contains
femoral vessels and the deep inguinal lymph nodes
deep inguinal lymph nodes
receive nearly all the lymph from hindlimb
main arterial pipeline of hindlimb
aorta -> ex iliac -> cr tibial -> dorsal metatarsal -> (perforating tarsal) -> medial/ lateral plantar and medial / lateral plantar metatarsal -> medial and lateral plantar digital
internal iliac artery
aorta -> internal iliac artery
- internal pudendal
1a. artery of the bulb of the penis
1b. prostatic artery
1c. vaginal
1cc. uterine branch of vaginal - umbilical artery
2a. artery of the ductus deferens - cr gluteal
3a. obturator artery
3aa. middle artery of the penis - cd gluteal
cd gluteal artery
- passes caudally in the dorsolateral wall of the pelvic cavity deep to dorsal attachment of sacrosciatic ligament
- at middle of sacrum it pierces the ligament and sends several substantial branches into biceps and semitendinosus
- gives rise to artery of the tail
cranial gluteal artery
- immediately gives rise to iliolumbar and large obturator artery
- passes laterally through greater sciatic foramen and enters gluteus medius
- accompanied by cr gluteal nerve
obturator artery
- is a branch off cr gluteal artery?
- gives off iliacofemoral artery
- obturator artery and nerve pass caudoventrally on shaft of ilium to and through obturator foramen which is covered by internal obturator muscle
- in male it supplies adductors and gives rise to middle and deep arteries of the penis
- in mare supplies adductors and gives off cd branch to clitoris, the artery of the clitoris
iliopsoas function
Main hip flexor; flexor of vertebral column
superficial gluteal function
contributes to extension, abductor (primary)
middle gluteal function
hip extensor, during extension abduct and rotate pelvic limb medially
deep gluteal function
hip extensor during extension abduct hip and rotate pelvic limb medially
quadriceps femoris function
stifle extensor; rectus femoris can participate in hip flexion
acetabular notch
articular surface of acetabulum is interrupted ventrally by acetabular notch which is bridged by transverse ligament
tibial tuberosity
cr d part of tibia v to patella
patella
sesamoid associated with femur
medial and lateral condyles
rounded portion base of femur at same level as patella
medial and lateral supracondylar femoral tuberosity
on v portion of femur d to femoral condyle/ d to femoral epicondyle
medial saphenous vein
on medial surface of thigh; emerges between sartorius and gracilis; branch of femoral vein which lies deeper; bifurcates in proximal part of leg after stifle
branches md saphenous vein
- caudal brach passes cd distally and runs in depression between common calcanea tendon and deep digital flexor to the hock
- cranial branch continues distally, crossing md surface of tibia and anastomoses with cr tibial vein at hock
