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Equine Anatomy > Equine Pelvic Limb- Hip, Thigh, and Stifle > Flashcards

Equine Pelvic Limb- Hip, Thigh, and Stifle Flashcards

1
Q

tuber coxae muscle attachments

A

internal abdominal oblique, superficie gluteal, external abdominal oblique, tensor fascialattate

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2
Q

ischiatica tuberosity muscle attachments

A

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, ischiocavernosus, biceps fem

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3
Q

greater trochanter muscle attachments

A

middle gluteal, deep gluteal, accessory gluteals

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4
Q

patella muscle attahcments

A

quads, flabella (gastroc)

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5
Q

poplietus tendon associated with

A

sesamoid

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6
Q

lesser trochanter muscle attachments

A

iliopsoas

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7
Q

3rd trochanter muscle attachments

A

superficial gluteal

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8
Q

extensor fossa muscle attachments

A

this is on lateral side; common tendon fibularis terminus, long digital extensor

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9
Q

femur bony landmarks

A

lesser trochanter, greater trochanter, 3rd trochanter, medial and lateral condyles, extensor fossa, trochlea

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10
Q

femoral condyles

A

ventral to 3rd trochanter

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11
Q

extensor fossa

A

medial to lateral condyle

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12
Q

medial and lateral trochlear ridges

A

on radiograph of stifle lateral view rounded prominences ventral to patella dorsal to tibia; medial appears more dorsal lateral appears more ventral

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13
Q

tibial tuberosity

A

on lat radiograph seen on medial side digit in cranial part of tibia

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14
Q

components of equine hip joint

A

ligament of the head of the femur, joint capsule, supporting musculature (iliopsoas and gluteal muscles), accessory ligament and transverse acetabular ligmanet

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15
Q

what makes up the equine hip joint

A

articulation of the femoral head with the acetabulum of the pelvis

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16
Q

main plane of movement of hip joint

A

flexion and extension

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17
Q

what components does the equine hip joint have that the dog does not

A

accessory ligament and transverse acetabular ligament

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18
Q

accessory ligament

A

arises from thick prepubic tendon and passes dorsal to transverse acetabular ligament to insert on peripheral part of fovea of the femoral head

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19
Q

transverse acetabular ligament

A

arises from fibrous rim that depends the acetabulum

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20
Q

clinical correlate of horse hip

A

horses tend not to dislocate their hips bc musculature stabilizes it; if they do its v hard to reduce it

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21
Q

pelvic limb blood supply main pipline

A
  1. external iliac
  2. Femoral
    3a. popliteal
    4a. cr tibial
    5a. dorsal metatarsal

or

3b. Saphenous
4b. Medial and lateral plantar and plantar metatarsal arteries

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22
Q

femoral nerve

A

giant nerve, protected by iliopsoas; innervates iliopsoas and quads, needed for weight bearing

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23
Q

saphenous nerve

A

branch off of femoral nerve; provides autonomous innervation to medial crus (don’t really test this in horses unless they are down)

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24
Q

obturator nerve

A

goes through obturator foramen, innervates muscles of adduction

  • gracilis
  • adductor
  • pectineus
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25
Q

Sciatic nerve

A 
goes medial -> lateral between greater trochanter and ischiatic tuberosity; branches into common fibular and tibial nerves
 innervates cd thigh muscles
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
26
Q

common fibular nerve

A

aka common peroneal
- splits into superficial and deep branches; provides sensation down D (cr?) aspect of limb
innervates cr crus muscles

27
Q

tibial nerve

A

runs down cd aspect of limb;

innervates cd crus muscles

28
Q

cr gluteal nerve

A

innervates muscles cr to hip jt

  • superficial gluteal
  • deep gluteal
  • middle gluteal
  • accessory gluteal
29
Q

cd gluteal nerve

A

innervate muscles cd to hip jt (cd thigh muscles and superficial gluteal)

  • superficial gluteal
  • biceps femoris
  • semitendinosis
  • semimembranosus
30
Q

clinical correlates hip

A

3rd trochanter avulsion fracture

trochanteric bursitis

31
Q

3rd trochanter avulsion fracture

A

superficial gluteal attaches; can palpate over 3rd trochanter and elicit pain here and may indicate 3rd trochanter avulsion fracture

32
Q

trochanteric bursitis

A

synovial structure gets inflamed -> synovium reacting, can inject to quite down bursitis but often secondary to stifle or hock pain bc change the way moving -> bursa inflammation

33
Q

tight clinical correlates

A

femoral nerve damage, fibrotic myopathy, obturator nerve paralysis

34
Q

femoral nerve damage

A

lack weight bearing behind, buckles behind when walking (can be from EPM), can be from limb being extended in sx

35
Q

fibrotic myopathy

A

scarring of cd thigh muscle -> mechanical lameness, usually trauma related in horses (cd thigh muscles scarred so lack of give -> limb snapping back); will see line between semitendinosus and biceps from behind

36
Q

fibrotic myopathy treatments

A

cut scar snapping back tissue to release tension

37
Q

obturator nerve paralysis

A

can’t adduct so splay out; horses do this on ice, if snap this lose adductor fx; can damage this in dystcia

38
Q

equine stifle menisci

A

medial and lateral

39
Q

equine stifle ligaments

A
  • patellar ligaments (medial, lateral, intermediate)
  • collateral ligaments
  • meniscofemoral ligament
  • femoropatellar ligaments
  • cr and cd cruciate ligmanets’
  • others
40
Q

meniscofemoral ligament

A

connects medial menisci to femur

41
Q

femoropatellar ligaments

A

on either side between patella and femur, helps keep patella on sledding surface

42
Q

sesamoids of equine stifle

A

patealla, fabellae, popliteal

43
Q

what permits horse to lock its stifle

A

patellar ligaments (medial, intermediate or middle and lateral), patellar fibrocartilage, and an enlarged medial trochlear ridge of femur

44
Q

how does patella lock

A

when patella is in the locked position the patellar fibrocartilage catches over the top of the enlarged medial trochlear ridge and is held in place by the medial and intermediate (middle) patellar ligaments

45
Q

clinical correlate of patellar locking mechanism

A

can do desmotomy of medial patellar ligament but 1st do hill work, vataletti poles, trot poles to build up quads or blister

46
Q

joint capsules associated with the equine stifle

A

medial and lateral femorotibial and femoropatellar joints

47
Q

femoropatella joint

A

between femur and patella

cranial and lateral access

48
Q

cranial access femoropatelllar joint

A

between intermediate and medial patellar ligaments

49
Q

lateral access femoropatellar joint

A

just behind cd edge palpable lateral patellar ligament

50
Q

medial femorotibial joint access

A

between medial patellar ligament and medial collateral ligament

51
Q

lateral femorotibial joint access

A

entry slightly cd to lateral collateral ligament
or
between lateral collateral ligament and common origin of long digital extensor muscle/ fibularis tertius

52
Q

lateral femorotibial joint extent

A

distally down limb under muscle belly on lat side

53
Q

communications between joint capsules

A
  • femoropatellar and medial femorotibial (65%)
  • femoropateallar and lateral femorotibial (25%)
  • medial and lateral femorotibial rarely
54
Q

common tendon of fibularis tertius and long digital extensor

A

arises from extensor fossa of distal femur and the menisci

55
Q

biceps femoris function

A

hip extensor, stifle flexion, stifle extension, tarsal extension

56
Q

semitendinosus function

A

hip extensor, stifle flexion, tarsal extension

57
Q

semimembranosis function

A

hip extensor, stifle flexion (1st muscle belly= flexor= attaches to cd aspect proximal end of tibia crossing flexor surface), stifle extension (2nd muscle belly= attaches to distal and medial surface of femur via tendon)

58
Q

biceps femoris

A 
proximal attachments:
- cd vertebrea, sacral vertebrea, sacrosciatic ligmaent, ischiatic tuberosity
distal attachments:
- patella, patellar ligaments (lateral and medial)
-cr tibia and crural fascia
- contributes to calcanea tendon
innervation
-sciatic nerve and cd gluteal nerve
59
Q

semitendinosus

A 
proximal attachments-
- cd vertebrea, sacral vertebrea, sacrosciatic ligament, ischiatic tuberosity
distal attachments-
- cr tibia and crural fascia
- contributes to calcanea tendon
innervation
- sciatic nerve and cd gluteal nerve
60
Q

semimembranosus

A 
Proximal attachments-
- cd vertebrea, sacral vertebrea, sacrosciatic ligament, ischiatic tuberosity
distal attachments-
- medial condyles of femur and tibia
innervation-
- sciatic nerve and cd gluteal nerve

Equine Anatomy (14 decks)

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