Lab 10 Learning Issues Hind Limb

Question 1

bifurcation of the sciatic nerve

Answer 1

into common fibular (peroneal) and tibial nerves

Question 2

common fibular (peroneal) nerve

Answer 2

innervates cr crus muscles

Question 3

tibial nerve

Answer 3

innervates cd crus muscles

Question 4

branches of common fibular (peroneal) nerve

Answer 4

superficial and deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 5

superficial peroneal nerve

Answer 5

providing cutaneous sensation to skin of lateral and dorsal surfaces of metatarsus as far distally as fetlock

Question 6

Hip extensors

Answer 6

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, superficial gluteal (contributes to extension but almost entirely adduction/abduction plane of fiber direction), middle gluteal, deep gluteal

Question 7

Hip Flexors

Answer 7

Iliopsoas

Question 8

stifle flexion

Answer 8

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 9

stifle extension

Answer 9

Quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris

Question 10

extension of tarsus

Answer 10

any muscle attaching to calcanean tendon participates in extending tarsus; biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gracilis, gastrocnemius, superficial digital flexor

Question 11

flexion of tarsus

Answer 11

cr tibial muscle, long digital extensor muscle, fibularis longus muscle
** all 3 on cr lateral surface of tibia)

Question 12

gracilis

Answer 12

proximal attachment
- along pelvis (iliopubic eminence/ pubis/ symphysis)
distal attachment
- cr tibia
innervation
- obturator nerve

Question 13

gastrocnemius

Answer 13

• supracondylar tuberosities (lat/ med) to calcanean tuber, main contributor to common calcanea tendon
• innervation via tibial nerve

Question 14

superficial digital flexor

Answer 14

• supracondylar fossa to P1 and P2; main contributor to common calcanean tendon
  innervation
• tibial nerve

Question 15

cranial tibial muscle

Answer 15

• on cr lateral surface of stifle
  fused to 1/2 tarsal bones (cunean tendon or medial branch of cranial tibial) and metatarsal tuberosity (dorsal branch with dorsal branch of fibularis tertius)
  innervation
• common fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 16

long digital extensor

Answer 16

• on cr lateral surface of stifle
  lateral collateral ligament of stifle (and nearby tibia/ fibula) to dorsal aspect of P1/ P2/ P3 (joins with tendon of long digital extensor distal to tarsus)
  innervation
• common fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 17

fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Answer 17

• on cr lateral surface of stifle
  extensor fossa of distal femur with long digital extensor to metatarsal tuberosity (dorsal branch), other branches to other tarsal bones
  innervation
• common fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 18

Hip extensor innervation

Answer 18

• biceps fem, semiteninosus, semimembranosus (sciatic nerve, cd gluteal nerve)
• superficial gluteal (cd gluteal, cr gluteal)
• middle gluteal and deep gluteal (cr gluteal)

Question 19

hip flexor innervation

Answer 19

• iliopsoas (ventral branches of lumbar nerves/ lumbosacral plexus likely femoral)

Question 20

stifle flexion

Answer 20

-biceps fem, semiteninosus, semimembranosus (sciatic nerve, cd gluteal nerve)

Question 21

stifle extension

Answer 21

• quadriceps femoris (femoral nerve)

- biceps femoris (sciatic nerve, cd gluteal nerve)

Question 22

tarsal extension

Answer 22

• biceps fem, semiteninosus (sciatic nerve, cd gluteal nerve)
• gracilis (obturator nerve)
• gastrocnemius, superficial digital flexor (tibial nerve)

Question 23

tarsal flexion

Answer 23

Cranial tibial muscle, long digital extensor muscle, fibulas longus muscle (Common fibular (peroneal) )

Question 24

reciprocal apparatus

Answer 24

long extensor and peroneus tertius arise by common tendon from extensor fossa of femur. Peroneus tertius mechanically opposes action of gastrocnemius and tendinous superficial digital flexor; when stifle is flexed superficial flexor causes hock to be extended via reciprocal mechanism

Question 25

bursa

Answer 25

small fluid filled sac lined with synovial membrane containing synovial fluid located in places where friction would otherwise occur; function to facilitate gliding of skin, muscles, or tendons over bony or ligamentous surfaces

Question 26

tendon sheath

Answer 26

fluid filled sleeve that resembles a synovial bursa wrapped around a tendon so as to form a continuous sheath except for mesotenodn

Question 27

lateral digital extensor

Answer 27

• lateral collateral ligament of stifle (and nearby tibia/ fibula) to dorsal aspect of P1/P2/P3 (joins with tendon of long digital extensor distal to tarsus)
• common fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 28

deep digital flexor

Answer 28

• multiple heads from proximal tibia to plantar aspect of P3

- tibial nerve

Question 29

retinacula

Answer 29

band like thickening of deep fascia which hold tendons in place as they pass over the hock

Question 30

proximal extensor retinaculum

Answer 30

• on dorsal surface of hock

- binds down tendons of long digital extensor, peroneus tertius, and tibias cranial on distal end of tibia

Question 31

middle extensor retinaclum

Answer 31

• on dorsal surface of hock
• attached to calcaneus and the lateral tendon of the peroneus tertius, forming a loop around the tendon of the long digital extensor

Question 32

distal extensor retinaculum

Answer 32

• on dorsal surface of hock
• extends across proximal end of large metatarsal bone and binds down the tendons of the long and lateral digital extensors

Question 33

lateral extensor retinaculum

Answer 33

• on lat surface of hock

- blends with lateral collateral ligament and binds down the tendon of lateral extensor

Question 34

lateral extensor retinaculum

Answer 34

• on lat surface of hock

- blends with lateral collateral ligament and binds down the tendon of lateral extensor