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Zool lab > Lab 9 > Flashcards

Lab 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Pelage

A

Entire covering of hair

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2
Q

Mammals are most easily identified by the presence of

A

Hair

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3
Q

Integumentary glands

A

Sweat glands

Sebaceous glands

Mammary glands

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4
Q

Sweat glands

A

Aid in thermoregulation by transporting water from skin to surface

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5
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Produce oily substances released into hair follicles

Oils condition the hair and help maintain properties of the pelage like water resistance

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6
Q

Mammary glands

A

A defining characteristic of mammals, mammary glands are likely modified sweat glands

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7
Q

Pelage

A

Guard hair

Under hair

Vibrissae

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8
Q

Guard hair

A

The outer covering of the coat made up of longer, straight stiffer hairs with a smooth appearance

Protect the skin from water and sunlight and may be raised as a part of threat display

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9
Q

Under hair

A

Shorter and lacking in stiffness, under hairs are wavy and more numerous than guard hairs, under hair functions as insulation

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10
Q

Vibrissae

A

Whiskers

Serve as tactile sensory function

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11
Q

Cryptic coloration includes

A

Camouflage

Disruptive coloration

Countershading

Seasonal coloration

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12
Q

Mammalian head ornamentation

A

True horns

Pronghorns

Antlers

Ossicones

Rhinoceros horn

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13
Q

True horns

A

Unbranched and permanent, true horns are composed of a bony process with a keratinized covering or sheath

May be present on both sexes or only in males

Display seasonal growth rings

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14
Q

Pronghorns

A

Shed annually

Found in both males and females

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15
Q

Antlers

A

Antler vary in shape but all are highly branched and composed of bone with no keratinized sheath

Shed annually and covered with velvet (highly vascularized skin)

Typically only seen in males, except in caribous

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16
Q

Ossicones

A

Not true horns

Giraffe horns that are permanent, unbranched bony processes of the skull covered by skin

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17
Q

Rhinoceros horn

A

Composed of keratin with no bony core

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18
Q

Mammalians are grouped into

A

Prototheria

Theria (further branched into Metatheria and Eutheria)

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19
Q

Prototheria order

A

Order Monotremata

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20
Q

Order Monotremata

Platypus and Echidnas

A

Toothless and elongate jaw

Platypus with dorsoventrally flattened bill and tail

Echidnas with long tubular jaw and reduced tail

Platypus with shiny smooth pelage

Electroreceptors on leathery bills

21
Q

Theria-Metatheria

Orders

A

Order Didelphimorphia

Order Diprotodontia

22
Q

Order Didelphimorphia

Opossums

A

Plantigrade feet

Prehensile tail and opposable digit on their hind feet to aid in climbing

Marsupium

Fewer guard hairs

Tail long and scaled

Long snout

Prominent sagittal crest

23
Q

Order Diprotodontia

Koala Wombats and Kangaroos

A

Two incisors of the lower jaw are procumbent (project forward)

Presence of diastema

Lack canine teeth

Relatively small braincase

Dorsal edge of the zygomatic arch (cheekbone) nearly as high as the top of the braincase

24
Q

Order Afrosoricida

Tenrecs and Golden Moles

A

Convergent with true moles

Smooth shiny pelage

Reduced eyes and ears

Large broad claws

Short limbs

Short tail

25
Q

Order Macroscelidea

Elephant shrews

A

Long proboscis-like snout

Large vibrissae and eyes

Long legs and hind feet

Long tails lacking fur

26
Q

Order Tubulidentata

Aardvarks

A

Reduced dentition of simple peg-like teeth

Long snout

Reduced pelage

Large ears

Pig-like snout

Large claws

Thick tail

27
Q

Order Hyracoidea

Hyraxes

A

Stout-bodied

Feet with thick pads

Hoof-like claws

Numerous vibrissae along entire body

Small rounded ears

reduced tail

28
Q

Order Sirenia

Dugong and Manatees

A

Heavy skull with no incisors or canines

Tip of upper and lower jaws are laterally compressed into a flange for attachment of muscular lips

Orbits nearly closed

Large nasal opening

29
Q

Order Proboscidea

Elephants

A

Large skull with prominent nasal opening

Upper incisors modified as pair of tusks

Luck canines

Lower jaw tip flanged for attachment of large tip muscles

30
Q

Order Pilosa

Sloths and Anteaters

A

Xenarhrous processes (extra processes of lumbar vertebrae create)

Anteater with elongate toothless snout

Sloth with short snout and simplified/reduced teeth

Both with elongate claws of the fore feet

31
Q

Order Cingulata

Armadillos

A

Armored

Narrow snout with reduced peg-like teeth

Robust spade-shaped claws

32
Q

Order Rodentia

Rodents

A

Ever-growing incisors of the upper and lower jaw

Large diastema

Lack canines

Broad flattened area in front of orbit along the side of the rostrum/snout for jaw muscle attachment

Tail lacks fur

33
Q

Order Lagomorpha

Rabbits, Hares and Pikas

A

Area in front of orbit with lace-like bone and numerous fenestrations

Double upper incisors

Rabbits and hairs with large long ears, short tail and large hind limbs

Pikas with rounded ears, reduced, lack saltatory adaptations of rabbits/hares

34
Q

Order Scandentia

Tree shrews

A

Pointed snout

Large rounded ears

Somewhat plumose tail

Counter shaded pelage

35
Q

Order Dermoptera

Flying lemurs or Colugos

A

Patagium of skin between neck/forelimb/hindlimb and tail

Eyes face forward

Long thin limbs

Lower incisors form a tooth-comb for grooming

36
Q

Order Primates

Lemurs, Monkeys, Apes

Humans

A

Eyes facing forward

Rostrum reduced in monkeys, apes and humans

Brow ridge above the eyes

Cranium large and domed

Claws replaced by nails

Most with opposable thumbs

37
Q

Order Eulipotyphla

Hedgehogs, Moles, and Shrews

A

Pointed snout

Moles with educed extremities and very robust claws

Hedgehogs with spines

Shrews mouse-like but with pointy nses

38
Q

Order Chiroptera

Bats

A

Distinctive wing skeleton formed b elongation of fingers

Thin leathery patagium formed between digits

Reduced hind limbs

Large ears

39
Q

Order Artiodactyla

Pigs Hippos Camels Deer Giraffe Antelopes Cattle

A

Most with complete orbital bar (orbit separated from temporal fenestra) most with large diastema

Many with head ornamentation

Reduced upper incisors

Sexual dimorphism is common

40
Q

Order Cetacea

Whales

A

Homodonty or tooth loss

Baleen, replacing teeth in some

Reduction of zygopophyses

Loss of hind limb

Front limb modified into flipper

41
Q

Order Perrisodactyla

Odd-toed Ungulates

Horses

Rhinos

Tapirs

A

Upper incisors present

Diastema in upper and lower jaws

Elongate head shape

Lower jaw with deep mandible

42
Q

Order Carnivora

Dog-like forms

Bear Raccoon Weasel Skunk Seal Sealions and Walruses

Cat like forms

Civets Mongooses Meerkats and Hyenas

A

Large canine teeth

Sectorial cheek teeth

Large sagittal crest on top of skull

Long sharp claws

43
Q

Family Mustelidae (weasel)

Species

A

Martes americana

Mustela nivalis

Gulo gulo

Taxidea taxus

Lontra canadensis

44
Q

Martes americana

American marten

A

Elongate body

Relatively large ears

Face paler than body

Bushy tail

45
Q

Mustela nivalis

Least weasel

A

Elongate body

small

small tail (not bushy)

Fur countershaded or cryptic in winter

46
Q

Gulo gulo

Wolverine

A

Large

Not as elongate

Longer limbers

Bushy tail

Back lighter color with darker legs

47
Q

Taxidea taxus

American badger

A

Body wide and held close to ground

Contrasting facial markings

Short tail

48
Q

Lontra canadensis

Northern river otter

A

Smooth shiny pelage

Elongate body and neck

Reduced external ears

Thick muscular tail

Numerous vibrissae around mouth

49
Q

Order Pholidota

Pangolins

A

Body entirely covered in epidermal scales

Toothless elongate snout

Large claws for digging

Arboreal forms with prehensile tails

Zool lab (8 decks)

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